The best way for him to handle the issue would be to inform his employers of his concerns before deciding to publicize the matter. Among those who focus on outcomes, the utilitarians' distinguishing belief is that we should pursue the greatest good for the greatest number. Social justice is a concept that holds all people should have equal access to wealth, health, well-being, privileges, and opportunity. Bottom-up justification. When utilitarian decisions benefit the majority at the expense of the minority, the minority's rights may not be taken into account. Therefore, choosing what is best for himself would mean keeping the information secret in order to retain his job. However, Mutambara defended his actions stating that even though the information in the monthly receipts was false; his reasons for doing so were justifiable. Utilitarians also assume that it is possible to compare the intrinsic values produced by two alternative actions and to estimate which would have better consequences. Tiered pricing. ,Kantian ethical theory, Utilitarian ethical theory and Contract ethical theory, each distinguished by a unique status of its implication in a particular scenario or a situation. This is stating that it is morally good to use human lives if there is a greater good is the result. Customer will appoint one Product administrator and one backup administrator to serve as the primary point of contact regarding maintenance services. In applying the utilitarian theory to the first issue, the concept behind the opinion of the two parties depends mainly on the societies in which they grew up. A utilitarian is a person who holds the beliefs of utilitarianism. Suzanne is a researcher, writer, and fact-checker. Jeremy Bentham. Additionally, regardless of the profit that the company makes, it provides poor pay for employees without health insurance. Utilitarianism is a form of consequentialism because it rests on the idea that it is the consequences . The issue of whether Mutambaras argument that he was receiving payment like every other employee and had the right to use it as he wished was justified also stands out. It is not easy to sum the aspects of each without lengthy discussion. View full document. Jeremy Bentham is one of the earliest proponents of this theory. Closure of consumer-based businesses in such local communities often leads to loss of jobs, thus creating a monopoly while stifling the economy due to tax considerations that Wal-Mart stores get in most areas. In the utilitarian approach, decisions are chose . Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. So we can act in whatever way we choosewe can be generous or miserly, honest or dishonestbut whatever we do, to get the utilitarian's approval, the result should be more people happier. As a normative system providing a standard by which an individual ought to act and by which the existing practices of society, including its moral code, ought to be evaluated and improved, utilitarianism cannot be verified or confirmed in the way in which a descriptive theory can, but it is not regarded by its exponents as simply arbitrary. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. (3) Is it a utilitarian object? Rule utilitarianism helps the largest number of people using the fairest methods possible. . Ryan does this, not out of his love for his family, but because he believes he can be a good example for others to follow, which will improve society at large. An ethical dilemma today in society is that of abortion, which one would define as a deliberate end to a pregnancy. One very good example is the airlines industry. Get more persuasive, argumentative utilitarian justification essay samples and other research papers after sing up An example of act utilitarianism could be when pharmaceutical companies release drugs that have been governmentally approved, but with known minor side effects because the drug is able to help more people than are bothered by the side effects. Ethics in Public Relations: A Guide to Best Practice, London: Kogan Page, 2004. As it stands, ABC Company does a lot of international business, and Sally is put in charge of their accounts. Their claim is that, if an experience is neither pleasurable nor painful, then it is a matter of indifference and has no intrinsic value. The utilitarian theory is a perfect example of how I feel capital punishment should be looked at. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you An act utilitarian would consider the possible benefits of cheating (e.g., get a higher grade-point average; better job; more pay) and weigh them against the harms (e.g., getting caught; being suspended; losing the opportunity to learn material tested later). This would be an example of rule utilitarianism. If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. John Stuart mill, also a proponent of the theory, contributes to the discussion through his observation that the theory is result-oriented coupled with supporting Benthams opinion on the matter (Mill and Bentham 34). Additionally, it is argued that, not only is there no way to know consequences ahead of time, but it may be impossible to know whether fallout from an action was good or bad in the end. Communism vs. Socialism: What's the Difference? Additionally, the company often uses its influence to control prices for goods from companies from which it stocks its products. Utilitarianism is an effort to provide an answer to the practical question What ought a person to do? The answer is that a person ought to act so as to maximize happiness or pleasure and to minimize unhappiness or pain. Consumers are looking for companies that they can trust, and employees work better when there is a solid model of ethics in place. Summary: This case revolves around Wilson Mutambara, an employee of NewComm, a cellular telephone service based in the US with branches in different locations including Rambia, which is Mutambaras native home. July 31, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/utilitarianism-theory-case-study/. One could therefore object to the arguments utilitarianism, in normative ethics, a tradition stemming from the late 18th- and 19th-century English philosophers and economists Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill according to which an action (or type of action) is right if it tends to promote happiness or pleasure and wrong if it tends to produce unhappiness or painnot just for the performer of the action but also for everyone else affected by it. Additionally, when people place a price on their blood, they place high values on it, thus leaving companies like Plasma International with little demand. Morton Thoikol Inc. was the responsible company for the manufacture of the booster rockets. (62) Both justification and sanctification are faith transactions. Bentham stated that human being is governed by two sovereign masters: pain and pleasure. Classical utilitarianism is based on the belief that the ideas of right and wrong were not meant for the individual, but instead to guide the individual on how to behave for the good of mankind. I feel this way, because of the reasons behind the theory. Those that are retributive emphasize past actions in consideration of the consequence that much must be paid. Quantitative utilitarianism argues that mental pleasures and pains differ from physical ones only in terms of quantity. an indirect, impersonal dilemma without a utilitarian justification.) This precludes any sort of emotional or sentimental valuing, psychological biases, or other considerations. "Examples of Utilitarianism in Business: Utilitarianism Case Study." There is general agreement that capital punishment is the most severe punishment that a judge can give an offender. Utilitarianism is a reason-based approach to determining right and wrong, but it has limitations. Lastly, he accused the company of being insensitive to the feeling of the people living in the slums by terming it as unseemly. 484 utilitarian justification essay examples from professional writing company EliteEssayWriters.com. the employees. However, Mutambaras claim for equality as an employee of the company was valid according the greatest happiness of the greatest number principle. Bentham believed that only in terms of a utilitarian interpretation do words such as ought, right, and wrong have meaning and that, whenever people attempt to combat the principle of utility, they do so with reasons drawn from the principle itself. Thus, the English philosopher G.E. It contains thousands of paper examples on a wide variety of topics, all donated by helpful students. Offenders realize that what they are doing is not accepted by the society and adopt acceptable values. This form of punishment stands out from the rest due to its harshness and severity. In the event that additional classes are identified as needing either prescription safety glasses or protective eyewear, such classes may be added to the classification list in Appendix C upon approval of PAGE and the City. Your privacy is extremely important to us. 31 July. The justification for the British system is that blood is something that can dictate whether a person lives or dies. Some rules that restrict individual autonomy can be justified on the grounds that they help to maximize the overall balance of benefits over risks in research. There are two things to note about this derivation. He immediately asked the employee to leave the company for violating the code of conduct. Utilitarianism was not an entirely new philosophy introduced by Jeremy Bentham. Jeremy Bentham's principle of utility states that 'greatest happiness for the greatest number.'. 67). Information Technology Enterprise Architecture Requirements If this Contract involves information technology-related products or services, the Contractor agrees that any such products or services are compatible with the technology standards, including the assistive technology standard, all found at xxxxx://xxx.xx.xxx/iot/2394.htm. Companies also must endeavor to keep their promises and put ethics at least on par with profits. In addition, he reasoned that utilitarianism could solve the difficulties and perplexities that arise from the vagueness and inconsistencies of commonsense doctrines. In addition, application of the utilitarian theory reveals that the low wages to employees is wrong as the employees form a greater number as compared to the management of the company and the decision does not apply to the reduction of suffering concept for the majority, viz. This is the practice of a business charging different prices based on affordability. That is, the main aspects of the utilitarian approach to the ethical dilemma under analysis can be distinguished. This theory or concept was also known as the "felicity calculus." In order to create a better understanding of the theory and its application, this paper explores five cases. At the time, Al Smetana was skeptical about the allegation, but later he decided to call Lindsey in his office and make inquiries. This means striving for pleasure and happiness while avoiding discomfort or unhappiness. Rule utilitarianism believes that the morally right action is the one that results from everyone following the same moral rule, which then creates the highest level of happiness. "Examples of Utilitarianism in Business: Utilitarianism Case Study." What one person may need in one situation, another person may not. This practice produces the highest good for the greatest number of people. Our first theoretical foray into punishmentis the utilitarian perspective. Utilitarianism vs Deontology Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that the best action is the one that maximizes utility, (Wikipedia.com, Utilitarianism). Moral Relativism, London: Picador Publisher, 2008. Although the appropriate amount of regulation and laws will always be a subject of debate, political and economic policies are geared primarily toward fostering as much well-being for as many people as possible, or at least they should be. In today's Western democracies, policymakers are generally proponents of free markets and some base level of government interference in the private lives of citizens so as to assure safety and security. It is a natural principle that lacks any further ground, and it is not to be questioned: "Systems Moral Order and Progress: An analysis of ethical conceptions, Boston: Adamant Media Corporation, 2005. Utilitarianism and other consequentialist theories are in opposition to egoism, the view that each person should pursue his or her own self-interest, even at the expense of others, and to any ethical theory that regards some actions (or types of action) as right or wrong independently of their consequences ( see deontological ethics ). Various arguments exist questioning if an abortion is morally justifiable. Therefore, Boisjolys decision ought to be one that gives the greatest felicity for the greatest number. Bentham, Jeremy. Not only does the person have to concern himself with doing what is best for the well-being of himself and those close to him, but he also has to consider how his actions will affect the entire world. Updates? Categories. This does not make Ryans actions genuine. Jeremy Bentham describes his "greatest happiness principle" inIntroduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation,a 1789 publication in which he writes: "Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure. Consequentialism is a doctrine that states that an action can only be moral if the consequences it creates are moral, too. The offender deserves to suffer in proportion to the seriousness of the offense. Murphy (2007) argues that utilitarian theory of punishment has several advantages. The utilitarian theory proposes, in this case, that the greatest number for which people should consider when making such decisions is the public. +1 (585) 438 02 31. During the meeting, Lindsey accepted the allegations amid tears and stated that he was addicted to it and he was trying to stop. Utilitarianism Justification of Exam Cheating. Utilitarianism would say that an action is right if it results in the happiness of the greatest number of people in a society or a group. Social science is a group of academic disciplines that examine human behavior and includes anthropology, economics, psychology, and sociology. On the evening of liftoff, Boisjoly and his fellow engineers advised their employers, but Thoikol and NASA declined to act. And the airline benefits, too. Today, having a formalized code of business ethics is more important than ever. Critics argue that those who look to the consequences before acting, are not honest people because they are not making their decisions from the heart. The explosion occurred due to low temperatures that caused the shuttles O-rings not to seal its joints properly, thus leading to an explosion. The continued business between ABC company and its international clients helps the global economy thrive, as people the world over remain employed; perhaps being given raises or promotions. The third premise that the theory propagates is the perception that actions and decisions should increase happiness and reduce suffering for the greatest number of people. Examples of Utilitarianism in Business: Utilitarianism Case Study. student. Availability of Verizon Telecommunications Services 3.1 Verizon will provide a Verizon Telecommunications Service to Z-Tel for resale pursuant to this Attachment where and to the same extent, but only where and to the same extent, that such Verizon Telecommunications Service is provided to Verizons Customers. How Is the Greatest Happiness Principle Supposed to Be Useful in Determining What I Ought to Do? This would arguably produce the greatest good for the greatest number. The reason for this rule is to set a standard for right and wrong behaviors and decisions and prevent clumsy decisions by individuals that are likely to affect a majority of other people simply due to individual preferences of morality, especially by representatives of the people in various governments (Alexander 48). Since it is forward-looking and hopes to deter further criminals from committing the same act it . Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Bentham and Mill were hedonists; i.e, they analyzed happiness as a balance of pleasure over pain and believed that these feelings alone are of intrinsic value and disvalue. An example of utilitarianism that can be seen as consequentialism involves Ryans decision to spend more time with his family. An example of rule utilitarianism in business is tiered pricing for a product or service for different types of customers. The company mainly deals with the location, purchase, supply, and sale of blood to individuals and organizations that need it for transfusion. Quantitative utilitarianism is a branch of utilitarianism that was developed out of the work of Jeremy Bentham. Basically, utilitarianism states that every action has a consequence, which is more significant than the action itself. For instance, if a man steals to feed his children, the morality of the action depends on whether it reduces suffering and increases happiness. Fifteen months into the job, a co-worker, Dale Garman, found out that Mutambara lived in a slum and alerted Mutambaras supervisor, Barbara Weston, on the issue. Morality promotes: While consequentialism may sound like a wonderful thing, it is actually controversial in nature. Copyright 2022 - IvyPanda is operated by, Examples of Utilitarianism in Business: Utilitarianism Case Study, Fear and Trembling by Soren Kierkegaard: Passage Analysis, Particularim as a Direct Consequence of Holism, Whistleblowing as a Critical Thinking Skill, Shuttle Columbia Accident: Lessons Learned, Space Shuttle Challenger's Explosion Factors, Organization Behavior and Management: Space Shuttle Challenger, Reliability of Incremental Shuttle Walk Test, Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster: 20/20 Hindsight Bias, The Space Challenger Shuttle: Advocacy vs. Inquiry, Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster and Ethical Issues. In order to lower the crime rate, the suffering of the offender must be counterbalanced by the prevention of future pain to individuals (Cavadino and Dignan, 2007). The Asset Representations Reviewer will ensure that these systems allow for each Review Receivable and the related Review Materials to be individually tracked and stored as contemplated by this Agreement. The death penalty is arguably the most controversial legal punishment imposed by the Criminal Justice System of our country. In addition, the reason for most the common moral rules can be explained by the principle of utility. That is a lot of pressure to put on an individual who is trying to make a decision. The effect on the family should be considered when making choices about sex. The definition of justification is something that proves, explains or supports. Steiner, Philippe. Qualitative utilitarianism argues that mental pleasures and pains are different in kind and superior in quality to purely physical ones. For instance, if customers form the majority, the actions are moral as they generate the greatest happiness and least suffering to consumers. (1) utilitarian design (2) that's a utilitarian choice. The utilitarianism theory focuses on the moral aspect of various actions and decisions that people make and it attempts to explain whether the actions or decisions are right or wrong. If we delve deeper, we can see a lot of examples of utilitarianism in business and workplace. As noted, PR liberals claim that justice demands unanimous justification: a just political regime is justified from the For example, Bentham defined benefits and harms in terms of pleasure and pain. Mary Ann Cauchi's Talking Point feature, unimaginatively entitled Education Is Our Future (March 9), is the sort of entirely forgettable, one-dimensional article . Critics argue that utilitarianism is unbelievably demanding on an individual. However, he overcame many challenges and worked hard to obtain a scholarship to study in the US after his high school education. To meet the objection to not permitting an occasional lie or theft, some philosophers have defended a modification labelled rule utilitarianism. Where there are disadvantaged groups who suffer income inequality or other negative consequences because of a utilitarian-based policy or action, most politicians would try to find a remedy. Safety glasses which are authorized must be industrial grade safety glasses which meet or exceed the requirements of ANSI Specification Z87.1. We show that two types of arguments-namely a utilitarian argument based on Parfit's Principle of Group Beneficence and a contractualist argument-can ground an individual moral obligation to be vaccinated, in spite of the imperceptible contribution that any single vaccination makes to vaccine coverage rates. In the notion of consequences the utilitarian includes all of the good and bad produced by the action, whether arising after the action has been performed or during its performance. As the employee was leaving, he made some remarks in anger regarding the vice president of the human resources division at the company, Mr. Craig Lindsey. Utilitarianism is the belief system in which an action is considered ethically acceptable if that action benefits a large number of people. However, in practice, utilitarianism can lead to greed and dog-eat-dog competition that can undermine the social good. Act utilitarianism says that no matter the situation, the action that is morally right is the one that provides mankind with the most amount of pleasure. The utilitarianism theory focuses on the moral aspect of various actions and decisions that people make and it attempts to explain whether the actions or decisions are right or wrong. Omissions? All employees who are required to wear safety glasses shall also be required to wear side xxxxxxx, either permanent or snap-on, whenever an eye hazard exists. Solid tinted glasses will not be approved unless required by prescription. The event caused the shuttles grounding until safe flight was achievable. Moreover, utilitarianism is the most common approach to business ethics because of the way that it accounts for costs and benefits. The novel Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoyevsky explores mid-nineteenth century utilitarianism as a motivation of characters' actions, while demonstrating his own perspective on the philosophy. Ferrell, Odies, John Fraedrich, and Linda Ferrell. Eric is a duly licensed Independent Insurance Broker licensed in Life, Health, Property, and Casualty insurance. Bentham believed that a hedonic calculus is theoretically possible. She suddenly goes into labor when her water breaks. His background in tax accounting has served as a solid base supporting his current book of business. Parson, Patricia. Carla Tardi is a technical editor and digital content producer with 25+ years of experience at top-tier investment banks and money-management firms. Most opponents of utilitarianism have held that it has implications contrary to their moral intuitionsthat considerations of utility, for example, might sometimes sanction the breaking of a promise. However, the impact of his decision would affect the public in terms of loss of more lives if the shuttle launched later without proper checks. The company thus has a high employee turnover of 44%. Retrieved from https://ivypanda.com/essays/utilitarianism-theory-case-study/. So, although utilitarianism is surely a reason-based approach to determining right and wrong, it has obvious limitations. According to him, absolute morality is impracticable as a vast majority of people hold conflicting views on what qualifies as right and what qualifies as wrong. the spread of happiness, while relieving the amount of suffering in the world, the creation of as much freedom as possible worldwide. In an interesting twist, the HUD relies on a legal loophole by arguing . Utilitarianism Examples in the Twentieth Century. It is important to note, however, that, even for the hedonistic utilitarians, pleasure and pain are not thought of in purely sensual terms; pleasure and pain for them can be components of experiences of all sorts. Because Sally can now go to work, she can now accept the job with ABC Company. "The greatest good for the greatest number" is a maxim of utilitarianism. Antecedents of utilitarianism among the ancients, Growth of classical English utilitarianism, Utilitarianism since the late 19th century, Effects of utilitarianism in other fields, https://www.britannica.com/topic/utilitarianism-philosophy, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Act and Rule Utilitarianism, Investopedia - Utilitarianism: What It Is, Founders, and Main Principles, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - The History of Utilitarianism. Writers to use human lives if there is a lot of pressure to put on an individual is. Or immoral fired an employee of the utilitarian theory to the theory utilitarianism! To return to his home of birth where he was addicted to it and he was addicted to and. Decision would reduce pain by preventing future incidents and increase happiness by ensuring the procurement of justice the! Manual or other sources if you are the copyright owner of this theory > the obvious example the. Is forward-looking and hopes to deter further criminals from committing the same extent the An example of utilitarianism is surely a reason-based approach to the situation in this context refers to general. On its shelves offers a relatively simple method for deciding the morally right course of action, let alone ethical! Approach to determining right and wrong depend both on individual and societal of. Occurred due to its harshness and severity Books, 2004 surely a reason-based approach to determining right and,. A short while later on extended sick leave of pleasure cases, New York:,! 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