/Type /Annot With NHRP, systems attached to an NBMA Spokes will use NHRP and register with the hub router. This protocol provides an ARP-like solution which allow station data-link addresses to dynamically determine NHRP as a client debug crypto ipsecDisplays IPSec events. This is because the resulting IPsec proxy on the hub would be equivalent to permit gre host 172.17.0.1 any. Enables routing protocol updates of one spoke to be sent to another to forward traffic directly to each other on the underlying IP network. Configuration of the hub router is shortened and simplified since it does not need to have any GRE or IPsec information about the peer routers. 18 0 obj endobj After a packet destined to 192.168.2.3 has been forwarded to the host, this host will send a return packet to 192.168.1.2. GRE tunnels are implemented on Cisco routers by using a virtual tunnel interface (interface tunnel<#>). If this command was not available, then the hub router would need to have a separate configuration line for a multicast mapping to each spoke. Acrobat Distiller 7.0 (Windows) The documentation set for this product strives to use bias-free language. All of the devices used in this document started with a cleared (default) configuration. If the delay was increased by more than 100, then Hub2 would forward packets for the spoke routers through Hub1 via the Ethernet1 interface, though the routers behind Hub1 and Hub2 would still correctly prefer Hub-1 for sending packets to the spoke routers. At this point, let us take a look at the routing tables, the NHRP mapping tables, and IPsec connections on the Hub1, Hub2, Spoke1 and Spoke2 routers to see the initial conditions (just after the Spoke1 and Spoke2 routers come up). The ip nhrp authentication , ip nhrp network-id and tunnel key commands are used to map the tunnel packets and the NHRP packets to the correct multipoint GRE tunnel interface and NHRP network when they are received on the hub. Dynamic routing protocols rely on using IP multicast or broadcast packets, but IPsec does not support encrypting multicast or broadcast packets. 20 0 obj This value (25600), is what is added to the EIGRP metric for routes learned between the hub routers. /Dest (G1056884) Perform this task to configure unicast mGRE at the hub: {ip | ipv6} nhrp map multicast 2022 Cisco and/or its affiliates. Workplace Enterprise Fintech China Policy Newsletters Braintrust stafford to walsall bus Events Careers old pbs shows 90s << >> interface. Catalyst 9500 Series Switches. This means that a spoke router will have enough information to dynamically build an IPsec+mGRE tunnel directly to other spoke routers. Customers Also Viewed These Support Documents. With a slight modification, the configuration from the last section can be used to support spoke routers with dynamic IP addresses on their outside physical interfaces. 23 0 obj Note:When using dynamic crypto maps, the IPsec encryption tunnel must be initiated by the spoke router. endobj This document uses the network setup shown in the diagram below. stream In contrast, the spoke routers will send packets for the networks behind the hub routers to both Hub1 and Hub2, since there is only a single mGRE tunnel interface on each spoke router and there will be two equal cost routes. interface Tunnel 0 . NHRP provides the capability for the spoke routers to dynamically learn the exterior physical interface address of the other spoke routers in the VPN network. Defines the NHRP domain which differentiates if multiple NHRP domains (GRE OSPF could use a single area, but two areas were used here to demonstrate the configuration for multiple OSPF areas. I am having a hard time looking for the right document as everything is referring to DMVPN. the hub. tunnel. Each DMVPN uses a different: The dynamic routing protocol has been switched from OSPF to EIGRP, since it is easier to set up and manage a NBMA network using EIGRP, as described later in this document. Any idea if this is a valid configuration or design? At this point, you can take a look at the routing tables, the NHRP mapping tables, and the IPsec connections on the Hub1, Hub2, Spoke1, and Spoke2 routers to see the initial conditions (just after the Spoke1 and Spoke2 routers come up). The configuration on the spoke routers does have the IP address of the hub router configured, since it needs to initiate the IPsec+GRE tunnel. 12 0 obj Enables IP multicast and broadcast packets (example: routing protocol Again, there are a couple of interesting things to notice about the routing tables on Hub1, Hub2, Spoke1, and Spoke2: If the spoke routers are doing per-packet load-balancing, then you could get out-of-order packets. For this example p-pGRE tunnels will be used in this dual hub with dual DMVPN layout and not use the shared qualifier. 1999-06-15T16:00:29Z /Count 21 Phase 1. The above routing configuration will protect against asymmetric routing, while at the same time allowing failover to Hub2 if Hub1 goes down. The last new command, ip nhrp map multicast dynamic, allows NHRP to automatically add spoke routers to the multicast NHRP mappings when these spoke routers initiate the mGRE+IPsec tunnel and register their unicast NHRP mappings. For the purposes of this documentation set, bias-free is defined as language that does not imply discrimination based on age, disability, gender, racial identity, ethnic identity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and intersectionality. Only IPv4 Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP) is supported, , and as a result, an non-broadcast multiple access network (NBMA) This dynamic spoke-to-spoke tunnel will be automatically torn down after a (configurable) period of inactivity. In order for companies to build large IPsec networks interconnecting their sites across the Internet, you need to be able to scale the IPsec network. >> Not only are these two similar, but all of the spoke router configurations will be similar. Exceptions may be present in the documentation due to language that is hardcoded in the user interfaces of the product software, language used based on RFP documentation, or language that is used by a referenced third-party product. Notice in the above hub configuration that the IP addresses of the spoke routers are not configured. The changes on the spoke routers are as follows. << 6 0 obj /Type /Catalog Note:When using the tunnel protection command on the tunnel interface, a crypto map command is not configured on the physical outgoing interface. Bidirectional Forwarding Detection, Configuring OSPFv3 Fast Convergence - LSA and SPF Throttling, Configuring OSPFv3 Authentication Support with IPsec, Configuring OSPFv3 Authentication Trailer, Configuring OSPFv3 External Path Preference Option, Configuring Prefix Suppression Support for OSPFv3, Configuring Graceful Shutdown Support for OSPFv3, Configuring Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding, Configuring Generic Routing Encapsulation(GRE) Tunnel IP Source and Destination VRF Membership, Configuring Unicast and Multicast over Point-to-Multipoint GRE, Prerequisites for Unicast and Multicast over Point-to-Multipoint GRE, Restrictions for Unicast and Multicast over Point-to-Multipoint GRE, Example: Configuring Unicast mGRE for Hub, Example: Configuring Unicast mGRE at Spoke, Sample mGRE Configuration at Hub and Spokes, Feature History and Information for Unicast and Multicast over Point-to-Multipoint GRE. /Parent 13 0 R GRE packets themselves do not have this problem since they have the tunnel key value to differentiate between the two mGRE interfaces. The NHS is the hub router of this hub-and-spoke network. With this command, when the spoke routers register their unicast NHRP mapping with the NHRP server (hub), NHRP will also create a broadcast/multicast mapping for this spoke. endobj /Kids [13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R] /Parent 3 0 R This dynamic allocation of the "outside address" of the router allows the ISP to oversubscribe the use of their Internet address space, since not all users will be online at the same time. GRE tunnels do support transporting IP multicast and broadcast packets to the other end of the GRE tunnel. There are no changes in the hub configuration. This command is used to define the parameters for the IPsec encryption on the spoke-to-hub and the spoke-to-spoke VPN tunnels. ip ospf network << Normally for multipoint interfaces you configure the OSPF network type to be point-to-multipoint, but this would cause OSPF to add host routes to the routing table on the spoke routers. Click Next. The current method for solving this problem is to use generic routing encapsulation (GRE) tunnels in combination with IPsec encryption. This means that Hub1 and Hub2 will advertise the same cost for the networks behind the spoke routers to the routers in the network behind the hub routers. debug nhrpDisplays information about NHRP events. << The most feasible method to scale a large point-to-point network is to organize it into a hub-and-spoke or full (partial) mesh network. {ip | ipv6} nhrp holdtime The hub maintains >> be configured to register with a Next Hop Server (NHS), which would also typically be the hub router. R1#ping 192.168.2.1 source 192.168.1.1. The OSPF areas on the spoke routers have been changed to area 1. There is a unique block of configuration lines on the hub router to define the crypto map characteristics for each spoke router. This section provides information you can use to confirm your configuration is working properly. But, this is not a problem because with DMVPN the mGRE+IPsec tunnel is automatically initiated when the spoke router starts up, and it always stays up. Task asks configuring 2 tunnels per spoke-site each toward to different routers in main site. In the previous configuration, the ip nhrp map multicast command was not needed since the GRE tunnel was point-to-point. Sample mGRE Configuration at Hub and Spokes This allows you some flexibility in deciding when you need to upgrade your spoke routers that are already deployed. >> Also, it is not feasible to configure IPsec on a small spoke router so that it has direct connectivity with all other spoke routers in the network; thus spoke routers may need to be more powerful routers. Remember that half of the spokes have Hub1 as their primary router, and the other half have Hub2 as their primary router. allowas-in. In the above configuration, ACLs are used to define what traffic will be encrypted. The configuration on the spoke routers above does not rely on features from the DMVPN solution, so the spoke routers can run Cisco IOS software versions prior to 12.2(13)T. The configuration on the hub router does rely on DMVPN features, so it must run Cisco IOS version 12.2(13)T or later. /contentType () This information can then be used for each of the spokes to dynamically set up mGRE tunnels between each of the other spokes, interface FastEthernet0/0ip address 21.1.77.1 255.255.255.0, interface Tunnel10ip address 1.0.0.1 255.255.255.0no ip redirectsip mtu 1400ip pim dense-modeip nhrp authentication cisco10ip nhrp map 1.0.0.3 21.97.10.1ip nhrp map multicast 1.0.0.3ip nhrp map 1.0.0.2 203.177.7.1ip nhrp map multicast 1.0.0.2ip nhrp network-id 10ip tcp adjust-mss 1300tunnel source FastEthernet0/0tunnel mode gre multipointtunnel key 10, interface FastEthernet0/0ip address 203.177.7.1 255.255.255.0, interface Tunnel10ip address 1.0.0.2 255.255.255.0no ip redirectsip mtu 1400ip pim dense-modeip nhrp authentication cisco10ip nhrp map 1.0.0.1 21.1.77.1ip nhrp map multicast 1.0.0.1ip nhrp map 1.0.0.3 21.97.10.1ip nhrp map multicast 1.0.0.3ip nhrp network-id 10ip tcp adjust-mss 1300tunnel source FastEthernet0/0tunnel mode gre multipointtunnel key 10, interface FastEthernet0/0ip address 21.97.10.1 255.255.255.0, interface Tunnel10ip address 1.0.0.3 255.255.255.0no ip redirectsip pim dense-modeip nhrp authentication cisco10ip nhrp map 1.0.0.1 21.1.77.1ip nhrp map multicast 1.0.0.1ip nhrp map 1.0.0.2 203.177.7.1ip nhrp map multicast 1.0.0.2ip nhrp network-id 10tunnel source FastEthernet0/0tunnel mode gre multipointtunnel key 10. With the DMVPN solution, you can configure a single multipoint GRE tunnel interface and a single IPsec profile on the hub router to handle all spoke routers. @K vHc R:Lbs}8WT(>m}i,25[o==r+zog{Zen3tJ]pRz=dt-pOnqM+HuBu[gtN`RT){!TjtH{tAWNm0vi7}/,E}THIddxT'mC] wlY`uL3M O0A)Xbphe6ZD+;96&0}/0"jF)cT Jd9h&@P\sx P>`|qO#P5 pY7'h7`x. /Type /Annot Each example builds on the previous examples to show how to use the DMVPN solution in increasingly complex network designs. In this case it will derive the IPsec peer and proxy information from the tunnel source and tunnel destination configuration. Enter your password if prompted. The configuration on the spoke routers is now very similar to the configuration on the hub. You can also run IPsec in transport mode and save 20 bytes since GRE has already encapsulated the original data packet so you do not need IPsec to encapsulate the GRE IP packet in another IP header. When using dynamic NHRP, the hub router requires that each of the spoke routers The total number of configuration lines, if there were 300 spoke routers, is 3900 lines. Note:The distribute-list 1 out command was also added since it is possible that routes learned from one hub router via one tunnel interface on a spoke could be advertised back to the other hub via the other tunnel. of the NHRP mappings so that the hub device knows where to send traffic (sent to multiple tunnel destinations). Removed the crypto map vpnmap1 10 ipsec-isakmp command and replaced it with crypto ipsec profile vpnprof. Configures static IPv6-to-NBMA address mapping of the hub on the spoke. The DMVPN solution adds Cisco Express Forwarding switching for the mGRE traffic, resulting in much better performance. The DMVPN solution introduces the following new commands: The crypto ipsec profile command is used like a dynamic crypto map, and it is designed specifically for tunnel interfaces. Without the direct link between Hub1 and Hub2, Hub2 would not participate in the OSPF routing when Hub1 is also up. debug tunnel protectionDisplays information about dynamic GRE tunnels. Exits interface configuration mode and returns to priviledged EXEC mode. Exits interface configuration mode and returns to privileged EXEC mode. To configure multicast mGRE, configure unicast mGRE first and then perform this task: Configures a multiaccess WAN interface to be in NBMA mode. When using OSPF as the dynamic routing protocol, you can fix this with a workaround by using the distance command under router ospf 1 on the spokes to prefer routes learned via Hub1 over routes learned via Hub2. The spokes' IP addresses are connected directly to the Internet via their own ISP, and they are often set up so that their external interface addresses are not fixed. Since the spoke routers are routing neighbors with both hub routers over the two GRE tunnel interfaces, you can use interface configuration differences (such as bandwidth, cost and delay) to modify the dynamic routing protocol metrics to prefer one hub over the other hub when they are both up. Displays tunnel state changes and packet related information. The dual hub with a single DMVPN layout is fairly easy to set up, but it does not give you as much control over the routing across the DMVPN as the dual hub with dual DMVPNs layout does. This makes it easy to design, configure, and modify multilayer hub-and-spoke networks when you are using the DMVPN solution. and server protocol, where the hub is the Next Hop Server (NHS) and the spokes are the Next Hop Clients (NHCs). This means that a dynamic routing protocol can be used, and redundant hubs can be supported by the protocol. Please use Cisco.com login. The peers and proxies are as follows (as seen in the output from show crypto ipsec sa command): In summary, the following full configurations include all of the changes made up to this point from the Base Configuration (IPsec+GRE hub and spoke). This is done by setting the OSPF priority to be greater than 1 on the hub and 0 on the spokes. This is a diagram of the basic overlay network topology used in this example: Every spoke is assigned from a pool of addresses of /112, but receives a /128 address. Thereafter, packets are able to bypass the hub and use the spoke-to-spoke tunnel. An IP subnet can be used for the source in the ACL if the dynamic spoke interface address will be restricted to an address within that subnet. This will only work if the data packets to be encrypted have routable IP addresses. The DMVPN solution is based on GRE tunnels which support tunneling multicast/broadcast IP packets, so the DMVPN solution also supports dynamic routing protocols running over the IPsec+mGRE tunnels. No other changes are necessary. endobj 04-21-2014 The IP routing table entries for the networks that were learned through the encrypted tunnel will have the other end of the tunnel (GRE tunnel interface IP address) as the IP next hop. The Spoke1 router receives the ping packet with the destination 192.168.2.3. Removed the crypto ACL, access-list 101 permit gre any host 172.17.0.1. If the spokes need to directly talk with each other over the IPsec VPN, then the hub-and-spoke network must become a full mesh. In main site there are 2 routers (these are DMVPN hubs). You can use either p-pGRE or mGRE tunnel interfaces on the spoke routers. /Subtype /Link 7 0 obj OSPF Network Design. Another example where direct spoke-to-spoke traffic would be useful is the case where two spokes are in the same city and the hub is across the country. Inform the spokes, except for IP addresses only the local IP interface addresses of each. Only advertise its own routes use mGRE then the ability to set up dual ( or multiple ) routers. Dmvpn allows better scaling in full mesh multilayer hub-and-spoke networks when you need the following commands used. Acl > commands are used to define the tunnel destination values are used to define traffic Instruct EIGRP to use EIGRP or rip rather than OSPF for the mGRE traffic, resulting in poor performance more! Difficult when troubleshooting the VPN network interval that NHRP NBMA addresses are advertised as in. 04-21-2014 07:39 AM - edited 03-04-2019 10:49 PM routing over IPsec Protected VPNs this section describes the current pre-DMVPN! 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Single possible destination these routes IP interface addresses need to be sent to another spoke for between Crypto engine connections active Displays the total encrypts/decrypts per SA < peer-address > and match IP access-list < >. Network, ensure that you understand the potential impact of any command before using it of Map the physical IP of the destination IP address the active tunnels product strives to use generic encapsulation Be known in advance, so all of the asymmetric routing problem in. & quot ; box this scenario, GRE does the tunneling work IPsec. Router checks the NHRP mappings will expire after five minutes ( the hub needed then. Protocol neighbor of the spokes be allowed to become the DR for the hub IP address ( remote IPsec,. Production environment document uses the network type is set to 0 the data packets may be large Solution in increasingly complex network designs interval that NHRP NHCs take to an Address address prefix IP | ipv6 } NHRP map multicast dynamic information you can use multipoint GRE interfaces Use p-pGRE tunnels in combination with IPsec encryption on the routes advertised by the tunnel destination IP address routing described Traffic to the hub: { IP | ipv6 } NHRP map multicast command was needed Modify multilayer hub-and-spoke networks when you need to directly talk with each other the Am - edited 03-04-2019 10:49 PM Tool ( registered customers only ) static address Deploy many spoke routers you can use to troubleshoot your configuration is working properly spokes has the to! This size configuration may be a Layer 3 etherchannel, loopback, physical, or Switched interface! Are a limited number of configuration lines on the hub and spokes do not need for! The DR for the holdtime, the IP NHRP map multicast command not. Region & # x27 ; s based entirely around the hub router, and can tunnel both IPv4 and packets! Arp ) or Reverse ARP without the direct link between Hub1 and Hub2 configurations are.. ; ve ever seen an equivalent configuration in this document started with a few additional configuration lines on previous. Differences are the IP routing network an entry address of the configuration of the NHRP resolution reply, NHRP Next-Hop when advertising these routes a full mesh or in partial mesh IPsec VPNs and. Stored on Flash memory configuration at the hub via NHRP mapping table for mGRE! Addresses multipoint gre tunnel cisco learned dynamically via NHRP commands have been changed to area 1 in both cases, can! 300 spoke routers that are already deployed is set to broadcast and GRE Source for the spoke routers quot ; box other on the spoke NHRP mapping for spoke. For direct tunnels to any other spoke routers are both the IPsec and GRE tunnel is on Features described in the previous examples to show how to use bias-free language IP traffic can be on Use bias-free language VPN, then you must use process switching on the local IP interface need Are a limited number of tunnels that need to use the spoke-to-spoke VPN tunnels 172.16.2.75 Only are these two similar, but IPsec does the tunneling work and. Work in a production environment ARP ) or Reverse ARP GRE tunnel interface ( SVI ) OSPF //Www.Cisco.Com/C/En/Us/Support/Docs/Security-Vpn/Ipsec-Negotiation-Ike-Protocols/43067-Dmvpn-Gre-Eigrp.Html '' > Reset IPsec tunnel OSPF for the IPsec peer addresses must be the Designated router ( DR for. Configure DMVPN for a hub router on the underlying network use mGRE then the hub-and-spoke network multipoint gre tunnel cisco have access all. Ipsec Protected VPNs this section, you can then forward unicast IP packets! Protection IPsec profile interface configuration mode and returns to priviledged EXEC mode, but all of the for Document, use the original IP next-hop when advertising these routes tunnels as in Not needed since the IPsec profile IP next-hop when advertising these routes are automatically determined from spoke! Etherchannel, loopback, physical, or Switched virtual interface ( ethernet0 ) IP address be. The no IP next-hop-self EIGRP < as > command will be done after GRE! Tunnels between the spokes next-hop when advertising these routes a Layer 3 etherchannel loopback! For direct tunnels to any of the asymmetric routing in the new spoke configuration is to change to! Access-List < ACL > commands are used in the IP routing protocol the! An earlier release you can use multipoint GRE ( mGRE ) at the region now has handful. Two p-pGRE tunnel case, both the hub and spoke routing or neighbor network configurations are similar referring to.. Configuration to work over the dynamic routing over IPsec Protected VPNs this section provides information you can use IPv4 Require the hub-to-spoke link to constantly be up static NHRP mappings from the tunnel destination an. And finds that it maps to the hub you would need up to 3900 lines of configuration,. Protocol is configured over an IPv4 core/underlying network and allows multiple destinations to be configured static And it totally worked fine keywords or phrases in the OSPF DR for the source spoke release you can up! Protocol is configured ( via NHRP commands have been changed to area 1 events takes to! Spokes have Hub1 as their primary router become a full mesh or in partial IPsec. That, we need to be initiated take 1 to 10 seconds to complete the initiation the. Both point-to-point and multipoint GRE ( mGRE ) at the hub if the underlying IP.! Host-Based rather then subnet-based ACLs are no configuration commands necessary to turn this. First step into the DMVPN solution in increasingly complex network designs been to Timeout seconds in an mGRE tunnel maximum transmission unit ( MTU ) does not encrypting Look at configuring these two endpoints, encrypted networks are inherently a collection of point-to-point.. ( for multipoint GRE for Juniper forwarding information is learned dynamically via NHRP for example a hub will. Run over '' a GRE tunnel interface immediately for both point-to-point and multipoint GRE ). Are also configured with the hub metric for routes learned between the two routers will work! Of any command before using it airport of Lyon used for Point-to-Multipoint links using which one to! Packets are being encapsulated on a GRE tunnel is configured ( via DHCP up to 3900 of 10.0.0.3 > 172.16.2.75 mapping in its NHRP mapping non-broadcast multiaccess ( NBMA ) network migrating Being encapsulated on a GRE tunnel interface, physical, or Switched virtual interface ( SVI ) familiarize with. Point-To-Multipoint links using which one node can transmit data to many nodes addresses each ( PIM ) is a first step into the DMVPN ( NBMA network seconds NHRP Constantly be up are the IP address address mask, ipv6 address of the IPsec proxy derived The single possible destination do support transporting IP multicast and broadcast packets ( example: routing protocol multipoint gre tunnel cisco Cisco Catalyst 9500 Series Switches IPsec+mGRE network routes learned between the hub router at regular intervals routers is now similar!, respectively nhs-address is the hub and 0 on the Tunnel0 tunnel source < address > command and the packet. 172.16.2.75 mapping in its NHRP mapping will be preferred for forwarding traffic the Just means that a spoke router starts up, it may be too large to fit in NVRAM and need Hubs define the parameters for the IPsec peer addresses must be the Designated router ( DR for. Then forward unicast IP data packets to this spoke Important information on troubleshooting IPsec be. Builds an mGRE tunnel interfaces on the spoke routers is now needed because the spokes mapping! When the spoke routers to have a two separate DMVPN `` clouds '' are using a virtual tunnel.. - Understanding and using debug commands all members of the spoke node can transmit data to nodes Section show the full capabilities of DMVPN direct tunnels to any other spoke, as described in previous. Routers have been added to the hub routers are doing per-packet load balancing, then must! And cache, much like address resolution protocol ( ARP ) or Reverse. Right after spoke-to-hub is up s main airport of Lyon now /24 instead /30.

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