What is eternal recurrence in philosophy? But what is true on Nietzsches philosophy is that he accepts and does not deny the idea of eternal recurrence or eternal return. [10] This was probably not a widely-held belief, as it represents a denial of the deterministic viewpoint which stands at the heart of Stoic philosophy. Eternal recurrence is one of the central concepts of the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche (18441900). Scholars keep trying to limit it to a thought experiment. Without a doubt, Nietzsche was one of the great thinkers of his time. Sometimes it is hard to do all the work on your own. On the other hand, Origen (c. 185 c. 253 AD) characterises the Stoics as claiming that the contents of each cycle will not be identical, but only indistinguishable:[9]. No one would really know or confirm if particular things or event shad already happened in the past and just recurring. Zarathustra asks the dwarf if is it possible that someone has already passed the path yet continues to pass through path in unfathomable times. [34] He subsequently explored the idea in his semi-autobiographical novel, Strange Life of Ivan Osokin. [25] The concept of eternal recurrence appears similar to Nietzsches concept of amor fati, which Nietzsche describes: "My formula for greatness in a human being is amor fati: that one wants nothing to be different, not forward, not backward, not in all eternity. According to historical records, the concept or idea of eternal recurrence originated from the ancient Egypt and was later on adapted by the Stoics and Pythagoras. This essay was written by a fellow student. The Theory of Eternal Life is a book rooted in the esoteric tradition of the Gurdjieff Work, that is laser-focused on the mechanics of reincarnation/eternal recurrence. German philosophy based its premises about human consciousness on idealism whereas Marx develops. --begin quotation from The Illusion of Will, Self, . Eternal return (also known as eternal recurrence) is a theory that the universe and all existence and energy has been recurring, and will continue to recur, in a self-similar form an infinite number of times across infinite time or space.-----Interesting quote from the movie K-Pax. This is what Nietzsche calls eternal recurrence. Remorse. However, in reincarnation, it is not the matter that recurs but the only the soul. ( idea) by lemuru. Advertisement The world does not possess staring point or end point whereas matter, that which comprise the world, is consistent in undergoing various changes in terms of its state (Lowith). For example, a truly virtuous, life-loving person would be able to endure reliving his entire experience and mistakes over and over, with neither bitterness nor regret. Eternal return (German: Ewige Wiederkunft; also known as eternal recurrence) is a concept that the universe and all existence and energy has been recurring, and will continue to recur an infinite number of times across infinite time or space.. What is eternal return Reddit? Check 'eternal recurrence' translations into German. The universe repeats eternally until a specific change in human consciousness is made. Recurrence is the act of constant disappearance and re-appearance. Does it just . This concept has been called many names, such as, Loop Theory, Eternity Return, Eternal Recurrence, Reincarnation and so on. Furthermore, it could be the case that Nietzsche understood that there is no way that he could prove his hypothesis for the reason that there would be no entity that would demonstrate the very principle of eternal recurrence. support@phdessay.com. This simple description,however, needs much more elaboration than can be given here at the moment. block of our existence: ETERNAL RECURRENCE. Together with the dwarf they try to work out on the dilemma of the two opposite but eternal paths. Zermelo's paradox was a criticism of Ludwig Boltzmann's H-Theorem, the attempt to derive the increasing entropy required by the second law of thermodynamics from basic classical dynamics. This is his central and most famous philosophical idea. The idea of eternal return or eternal recurrence has existed in various forms since antiquity. He lays eternal recurrence out as a litmus test of sorts for the quality of our lives. [1] Eudemus of Rhodes also references this Pythagorean doctrine in his commentary on Aristotle's Physics. The narrative explains imaginatively the origin of Nietzsche's idea, not only its philosophical roots, but its biographical, emotional, and psychological sources as well. Order custom essay Eternal Recurrence by Nietzsche In a book entitled Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Nietzsche invents a character named Zarathustra, a wandering philosopher who has many adventures. Lectori salutem. You can use it as an example when writing This turn yields Nietzsche's most controversial concepts: the announcement of the death of God; the "eternal return," which frames existence in terms of endlessly repeating cycles; and the will. University of California Press, 1997. By continuing well assume youre on board with our Would one thing be better than another? Look through examples of eternal recurrence translation in sentences, listen to pronunciation and learn grammar. Knowledge about the repetition of lives will add nothing for a man if he does not strive to change himself in order to escape this repetition. "The same" has many senses: the same in form seems to occur as do spring and winter and the other seasons and periods; similarly the same changes occur in form, for the sun performs its solstices and equinoxes and its other journeys. For more information, please see our Eternal Recurrence. "Eternal return (also known as "eternal recurrence") is a concept which posits that the universe has been recurring, and will continue to recur, in a self-similar form an infinite number of times. The idea of the eternal recurrence of things and phenomena, the idea of eternal repetition, is connected in European thought with the name of Pythagoras and with the vague notions of the periodicity of the Universe which are found in Indian philosophy and cosmogony. What is the use of a man knowing about recurrence if he is not conscious of it and if he himself does not change? These cycles continue for eternity, and the same events are exactly repeated in every cycle. These are my thoughts on this important issue. The earliest version of the novel, however, did not include the magician,[35] and ended on "a totally pessimistic note". The fundamental idea of the work, the Eternal Recurrence, the highest formula of a Yes-saying to life that can ever be attained, was first conceived in the month of August 1881. He is famous for uncompromising criticisms of traditional European morality and religion, as well as of conventional philosophical ideas and social and political pieties associated with modernity . Let us help you get a good grade on your paper. THE THEORY OF ETERNAL RECURRENCE The THEORY OF ETERNAL RECURRENCE is based on the LAW OF REPETITION, which means, basically, that everything tends to repeat itself unless acted upon an outside force. No person would claim that his life and his being recur the same way as they did before. To the Stoics, eternal recurrence was an item of scientific doctrine - a real cosmological claim, whereas Nietzsche was perhaps proposing it only as a thought experiment. HarperCollins, 1985. The magician obliges, but warns Ivan that he will be unable to correct any of his mistakes. There are basically two possibilities in reality, 1 and 0/alive or not alive/suffering and not suffering. It turns out that Schopenhauer . So if this universe is closed, do not worry: An avid reader who writes about arts, culture, literature & other life obsessions. On March 31, 2017 By Gluteus Maximus In Spirituality. and our Fate can't be viewed beforehand, because you can make choices. The magician answers that he must first change himself; if he works on improving his character, he may have a chance of making better decisions next time around. But it's Borges's closing argument, calling on the theory of entropy to demolish "eternal recurrence," which is most convincing, and simultaneously awesome: Heat and light are no more than forms of energy. It is that which shall be done: and there is no new thing under the sun. Nietzsche sometimes writes of the eternal return as 1) a scientific theory, and sometimes as 2) a psychological "test". The rise of Christianity brought an end to classical theories of eternal return, which were incompatible with Christian notions of free will and salvation. Now you are liberated from this pernicious mind imprisonment; you'll thank me later. The theory of Eternal Recurrence, which is also referred as Eternal Return, states that the world has been returning or recurring. This theme of eternal recurrence is echoed in Cameron Crowe's film Vanilla Sky. Friedrich Nietzsche. According to Heidegger, the significant point is the burden imposed by the question of eternal recurrence, regardless of whether or not such a thing could possibly be true. This is the problem of microscopic reversibility. Basically an unconscious eternity after a finite lifetime, whether the host(universe in this case) outlasts your consciousness or not. And again. [11], Christian authors attacked the doctrine of eternal recurrence on various grounds. It was the second "paradox" attack on Boltzmann. Just forever doomed to go from conscious(1) life, to unconscious(0) death to again 1 and 0 on and on and on forever and ever, with no certainty. The Eternal Recurrence of the Same. As he sees the gate, he concludes that it could be the case that everything that is happening in this world have already happened in the past, and is happening in the present time, and would eventually repeat to happen in the future since neither of the paths suggests a beginning nor an end (as both paths are eternal). Enrol here in our Nietzsche course: https://classical-philosophy-academy.teachable.com/p/thus-spoke-nietzsche What does Amor Fati really mean? This spectacle motivated Nietzsche to work on the possibility of eternal recurrence or eternal return. ?>, Order original essay sample specially for your assignment needs, https://phdessay.com/eternal-recurrence-by-nietzsche/, Detailed Analysis on the Cinematography in the Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind Critique Essay, The True Eternal Love Is the Love of a Mother to Her Child, Paper on: Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, get custom This turns out to be the case; although Ivan always knows in advance what the outcome of his actions will be, he is unable to keep himself from repeating those actions. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Comparable to what Nietzsche argues about the eternal recurrence principle, Arthur Schopenhauer also has his own idea of eternal recurrence the same way as Nietzsches. You might argue that the fact that we die debunks this, but of course it does not, as you never know if the is some kind of multiverse that might birth you, or any other consciousness generating/maintaining realities or loops. But according to a less Nietzschean but more optimistic principle, we can escape from this eternal recurrence with becoming enlightened. Part 2: Nietzsche's Eternal Recurrence. If we really took eternal recurrence on board, would we be able to make any sense of life at all - would we have any values? Hence, it could not really produce or offer concrete or sufficient evidence to say that at some point or truly eternal recurrence exists. Time-Fetishes: The Secret History of Eternal Recurrence. This idea of repetition is not the full and absolute truth, but it is the nearest possible approximation of the truth And if you understand why I do not speak of this, you will be still nearer to it. Explore how the human body functions as one unit in In the penultimate chapter of the work ("The Drunken Song"), Zarathustra declares: "All things are entangled, ensnared, enamored; if you ever wanted one thing twice, if you ever said, 'You please me, happiness! This is the ongoing activity of all things, no matter how they differ, and so is important for us to understand and accept. Moreover, the theory suggests that the number of probable changes that the matter could have is limited and is fixed thus arriving at an assumption that sooner or later the similar state will happen again. It is noteworthy that Schopenhauer does not include time but merely explaining eternal recurrence as a physical concept. Nietzsche: The Eternal Recurrence of the Same. The Eternal Cycle & Alternate Universes - The Meaning of Life (part 2) Summary: The end of the universe is the start of the universe. The concept is found in Indian philosophy and in ancient Egypt and was subsequently taken up by the Pythagoreans and Stoics.With the decline of antiquity and the spread of . [38], The Poincar recurrence theorem states that certain dynamical systems, such as particles of gas in a sealed container, will return infinitely often to a state arbitrarily close to their original state. Footnote 39 He continues, noting that this 'new description of reality [provides] instead of eternal life - the eternal recurrence it is the most . I have been asked many times as to why, in my opinion, the Eternal Return Model as elucidated i n ITLAD has a greater evolutionary and developmental logic than the classic model of reincarnation. [30] In one of his unpublished notes, Nietzsche writes: "The question which thou wilt have to answer before every deed that thou doest: 'is this such a deed as I am prepared to perform an incalculable number of times?' In the other hand, if somehow your lifetime(consciousness) is infinite then you are guaranteed to find yourself alive, no matter the universe. When Ouspensky asked about eternal recurrence, Gurdjieff told him:[37]. Answer by Martin Jenkins As a Cosmological Doctrine, the Eternal Recurrence would entail a cyclical conception of time and ontology. Wei Wu Wei, of whom it's been said that his nonsense contains sense of the infinite, was of the opinion that as mythology is a system of symbology for fundamental truth, "reincarnation" is a myth within which is found the reality of "recurrence". [15] Eduard von Hartmann argued that the universe's final state would be identical to the state in which it had begun; Eugen Dhring rejected this idea, claiming that it carried with it the necessary consequence that the universe would begin again, and that the same forms would repeat themselves eternally, a doctrine which Dhring viewed as dangerously pessimistic. What do you think of Nietzsche's theory of the eternal recurrence? Heat, however, will never return to the form of light. If this is truly what's going on, then we live in a very limited time and thus a very unlikely time to find yourself in. No gamer window or god or magic meteor from the sky, or secret training is going to make me a God, I'm fucked. I'm basically probably stuck in a pointless clown world, slowly going insane and suffering in the middle of eternity with no way out. "[26][27], On the other hand, Nietzsche's posthumously published notebooks contain an attempt at a logical proof of eternal return, which is often adduced in support of the claim that Nietzsche believed in the theory as a real possibility. your own essay or use it as a source, but you need I was a member of a Gurdjieff Work group over three decades ago, and I remember the reading of Collin's books being discouraged. The rise of science placed a strain on religions ability to retain its credence. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The same thing as Henry Poincare suggests in his proof to support the eternal recurrence through Mathematics (known as the Poincares Recurrence Theorem). The idea of eternal recurrence is manifested through Nietzsches published works such as Thus Spoke Zarathustra and The Gay Science (Heidegger). On eternal recurrence, losing something entails finding it again; death entails birth; bereavement entails resurrection; experience entails innocence. Chadwick 1965, pp. Ouspensky incorporated this idea into his later writings. What is some day or night, a demon were to steal after you into your loneliest loneliness and say to you: "This life as you now live it and have lived it, you will have to live once more and innumerable times more; and there . This life as you now live it and have lived it, you will have to live once more and innumerable times more; and there will be nothing new in it, but every pain and every joy and every thought and sigh and everything immeasurably small or. Plato hypothesised that one complete cycle of time would be fulfilled when the sun, moon and planets all completed their various circuits and returned to their original positions. It is more probable that Eternal Recurrence is true than it being false. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. This his conviction that at some time in the future another individual would be born with precisely the same thought-processes and experiences as himself. The doctrine of eternal recurrence, the basic conception of Thus Spoke Zarathustra, asks the question How well disposed would a person have to become to himself and to life to crave nothing more fervently than the infinite repetition, without alteration, of each and every moment? Presumably most people. PhDessay is an educational resource where over 1,000,000 free essays are collected. According to Stoic physics, the universe is periodically destroyed in an immense conflagration (ekpyrosis), and then experiences a rebirth (palingenesis). Either you're not in control of yourself, in which case you may as well be watching a screen, or you can make different choices. What is the eternal return theory? Corrections? Basically, Nietzsches idea of eternal recurrence is simply a hypothesis of what he introduced in his work. You also might argue that we can never know for sure and I think that's right, I am not disputing that, but I argue my theory makes more sense. It sucks. Eternal recurrence was a way to force attention on life exactly as it is, with no alternative, not even nothingness on the other side of life, not even eternal novelty. [28] However, scholars such as Neil Sinhababu and Kuong Un Teng have suggested that the reason this material remained unpublished was because Nietzsche himself was unconvinced that his argument would hold up to scrutiny. Lukacher, Ned. In this story, Ivan Osokin implores a magician to send him back to his childhood and give him the chance to live his life over again. It also implies human helplessness in preventing the repetition of loneliness, birth, and pain. essay. If one could say Yes to eternal recurrencethe endless repetition of life in the exact same wayone could genuinely say Yes to life as it is. But Nietzsche succeeded presenting his full conception on the thought of eternal recurrence on the foremost book. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. In a way, eternal recurrence has some semblance or similarity with the idea of reincarnation (Lukacher). It also portrays the subconscious tiredness of the labyrinth of life and a desire for death or rather moving out from the chain of sufferings, which will bring an end to everything: "Bury your doubts and fall asleep" 2. One might raise the problem whether the same time recurs, as some say, or not. And yes, I know reincarnation is a little different but who cares? cookie policy. "[23], Nietzsche expands upon this concept in the philosophical novel Thus Spoke Zarathustra, later writing that eternal return was "the fundamental idea of the work". [27] The proof is based upon the premise that the universe is infinite in duration, but contains a finite quantity of energy. Privacy Policy. Did you know that we have over 70,000 essays on 3,000 topics in our The first published presentation of Nietzsche's version of the theory appears in The Gay Science, section 341, where it is proposed to the reader as a thought experiment: What if some day or night a demon were to steal after you into your loneliest loneliness, and say to you, "This life as you now live it and have lived it, you will have to live once more and innumerable times more; and there will be nothing new in it, but every pain and every joy and every thought and sigh and everything unutterably small or great in your life will have to return to you, all in the same succession and sequence Would you not throw yourself down and gnash your teeth and curse the demon who spoke thus? If no knowledge of the previous life is carried forward then there is . Nietzsche, Frederich. I'm not the first to come up with this concept of course but the difference is that I am the first I know of to make a statistical argument for its truth. Earl Wajenberg He believes spiritual enlightenment means to find intellectual, emotional, and physical balance in a . This doctrine must be distinguished from the belief in the general periodicity of nature, according to which the main features . They hold that after the conflagration all the same things come to be again in the world numerically, so that even the same peculiarly qualified individual as before exists and comes to be again in that world, as Chrysippus says in his books On the World. ETERNAL RETURN "Eternal return" is the doctrine that every event in the universe, in all its details and in its whole cosmic context, will recur an infinite number of times in exactly the same way that it has already occurred an infinite number of times in the past. Nevertheless, this principle had been abandoned through the rise of Christianity (Lukacher). Get expert help in mere 10 minutes with: PhD Essay Government Culture Eternal Recurrence by Nietzsche, Explore how the human body functions as one unit in harmony in order to life //= $post_title Eternal recurrence is the most significant and constant event of our lives. This concept has been called many names, such as, Loop Theory, Eternity Return, Eternal Recurrence, Reincarnation and so on. [16] Johann Gustav Vogt[de], on the other hand, argued in favour of a cyclical system, additionally positing the spatial co-existence of an infinite number of identical worlds. the theory of eternal recurrence could be true, I will assume that the cosmos consists of a single ''great year'' of events. [41] Attempts have been made to prove or disprove the possibility of Poincar recurrence in a system the size of a galaxy or a universe. Put simply, it's the theory that existence recurs in an infinite cycle as energy and matter transform over time. Your reaction to the prospect of living every single moment of your life over and over again in sequence is, for Nietzsche, a crucial measure of your ability to become who you truly are. As Hollingdale has noted, 'Nietzsche arrived at the theory of the Eternal Recurrence as a consequence of two requirements; the need to explain the world and the need to accept it'. The most famous among those who have tried to re-vive this theory in the modern era is unquestionably Friedrich Nietzsche. But it was clearly far more than that for Nietzsche, as I set forth in my book. But if someone were to believe the Pythagoreans that numerically the same things recur, then I also will romance, holding my staff, while you sit there, and everything else will be the same, and it is plausible to say that the time will be the same. [12] Augustine of Hippo (354430 AD) objected to the fact that salvation was not possible in the Stoic scheme, arguing that even if a temporary happiness was attained, a soul could not be truly blessed if it was doomed to return again to misery. The "eternal return" is an idea for interpreting religious behavior proposed by the historian Mircea Eliade; it is a belief expressed through behavior (sometimes implicitly, but often explicitly) that one is able to become contemporary with or return to the "mythical age"the time when the events described in one's myths occurred.It should be distinguished from the philosophical concept of . At the center of Nietzsche's philosophy is the idea of eternal return the ultimate embrace of responsibility that comes from accepting the consequences, good or bad, of one's willful action. harmony in order to life, Eternal Recurrence by Nietzsche. Retrieved from https://phdessay.com/eternal-recurrence-by-nietzsche/, Hire skilled expert and get original paper in 3+ hours, Run a free check or have your essay done for you, Didn`t find the right sample? Nietzsche's eternal recurrence is a response to the death of God, to which one must decide between the nihilism of the ascetic ideal, and the affirmation of life of the bermensch. The concept of eternal recurrence is fundamental and imperative throughout the works of Nietzsche. With the decline of antiquity and the spread of Christianity, the concept fell into disuse in the Western world, with the exception of 19th century philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, who resurrected it as a thought experiment. Science had demonstrated an unprecedented ability to explain concepts that were once mysteries. Here I am going to try my best to express this disturbing insight that I thought up. Theory of Eternal Recurrence How could you possibly live the same life again? The eternal recurrence is a central notion of Nietzsche's thought. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. cite it. Johnny Lee Plato versus Nietzsche The central ideas that two great philosophers, Plato and Friedrich Nietzsche, talked about were the reality and appearance; and what they mainly focused on is. According to the qualities of eternity and. Abide, moment!' [4] The Stoics may have found support for this doctrine in the concept of the Great Year,[5] the oldest known expression of which is found in Plato's Timaeus. As an analysis of Nietzsches theory or concept of eternal recurrence, it is obvious that Nietzsche did not demand absolute truth to his principle for the fact that he did not imply all throughout his discussions and philosophy on the concept of eternal recurrence that it really exists in reality. Share He first brought it up in his book "The Gay Science," and returned to explore it more fully in "Thus Spoke Zarathustra." It was essentially an attempt to figure out an answer to the meaning of life, once and for all. Nietzsche, Misc in 19th Century Philosophy. (2017, May 19). The first was Josef Loschmidt's claim that entropy would be reduced if time were reversed. The universe according to Nietzsche: Modern cosmology and the theory of eternal recurrence The philosopher's musings on the nature of reality could have scientific basis, according to a. Russian esotericist P. D. Ouspensky (18781947) believed in the literal truth of eternal recurrence. [18], Nietzsche may have drawn upon a number of sources in developing his own formulation of the theory. So, let's say that the usual atheist skeptics are right and you are born and die and that's it, I call that permadeath. The fundamental argument of this theory is that the world is confined in scope and fixed, predetermined or restricted quantity of substances. So that undermines eternal recurrence, because all outcomes and possibilities are real, in the larger space. Everything that is, will repeat and recur ad infinitum. Concepts of the great thinkers of his mistakes and our Privacy policy disappearance and re-appearance when. Many people criticise a theories eternal recurrence theory and the Gay science ( Heidegger ) a grade. To bear what is the act of constant disappearance and re-appearance to give you the best possible. Concept has been seen as comparable to the form of light there are two Just recurring fragment preserved by Simplicius, Eudemus writes: [ 37 ] needs much elaboration. Emotional, and was subsequently taken up by the Pythagoreans and Stoics suggestions to improve this article ( requires ). 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