While the lubricant formulation remains fixed from the beginning, an opportunity has been identified to influence the lubricant positively via the fuel composition, in particular by adding certain fuel additives to the fuel composition. Figs. Liquid fuels are combustible or energy-generating molecules that can be harnessed to create mechanical energy, usually producing kinetic energy; they also must take the shape of their container.It is the fumes of liquid fuels that are flammable instead of the fluid. No. Analogous to the use of higher compression ratios used for engines burning higher octane alcohols and petrol in spark-ignition engines, taking advantage of biodiesel's high cetane rating can potentially overcome the energy deficit compared to ordinary Number 2 diesel. [citation needed] An additive may be required to restore its lubricity. The liquid fuel composition contains a base fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine, a first fuel additive selected from viscosity control agents having certain physical properties and a second fuel additive which is a friction modifier. Full Record; Other Related Research Many liquid fuels play a primary role in transportation and the economy. It has surprisingly been found that the use of a fuel additive having a kinematic viscosity at 100 C. of 27 cSt or less and a NOACK volatility at 250 C. of 100% wt, preferably 20 wt % or less, and a friction modifier in liquid fuel compositions provides benefits in terms of improved fuel economy of an internal combustion engine being fuelled by the liquid fuel composition containing said additive, in particular when the liquid fuel composition of the present invention is a gasoline composition, relative to the internal combustion engine being fuelled by the liquid base fuel. Examples of monohydric alcohols are lower alkyl alcohols in which the alkyl group may be straight chain or branched having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, octyl and 2-ethylhexyl alcohols. Since the water is no longer in solution, it can form droplets which can supercool to below 0C (32F). A blend of approximately 30% kerosene and 70% gasoline, it is known as wide-cut fuel. The alcohol from which the ester is derived may be a mono or polyhydroxy alcohol such as a trihydroxy or tetrahydroxy alcohol. An industry standard chemical test for the detection of free water in jet fuel uses a water-sensitive filter pad that turns green if the fuel exceeds the specification limit of 30ppm (parts per million) free water. 3,275,554, U.S. Pat. [40], Chemist Heather Willauer is leading a team of researchers at the U.S. Ammonia (NH3) has been used as a fuel before at times when gasoline is unavailable (e.g. [70][71] Kerosene-based hydrocarbon fuels are complex mixtures which may contain up to 260+ aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds including toxicants such as benzene, n-hexane, toluene, xylenes, trimethylpentane, methoxyethanol, naphthalenes. Preferably, the lubricating oil is constituted from mineral oils and/or synthetic oils which contain more than 80% wt of saturates, preferably more than 90 percent by weight, as measured according to ASTM D2007. OSTI.GOV Patent: Process for preparing a liquid fuel composition. The liquid fuel composition contains in the range of 0.5 to 20 vol. Additionally, the use of the at least one fuel additive having a kinematic viscosity at 100 C. of 27 cSt or less and a NOACK volatility at 250 C. of 100% wt, preferably 20 wt % or less, in combination with a friction modifier in liquid fuel compositions can also provide benefits in terms improving the lubricant performance of an internal combustion engine being fuelled by the liquid fuel composition of the present invention relative to the internal combustion engine being fuelled by the liquid base fuel. It is also used in northern Canada, Alaska, and sometimes Russia, because of its low freezing point. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "AccessScience | Encyclopedia Article | Alcohol fuel", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liquid_fuel&oldid=1115837654, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from August 2018, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2011, Articles needing additional references from March 2008, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 13 October 2022, at 13:24. A liquid hydrocarbyl fuel additive product of the reaction of (1) a diaminodiol or mixture of diaminodiols, and (2) a reactive acid / anhydride monomer or mixture of reactive acid / anhydride monomers derived from the reaction of benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride with (a) an aminoalcohol, the product of an amine and an epoxide, or (b . Those skilled in the art will appreciate that functional groups such as hydroxy, halo, alkoxy, nitro and cyano in a substituted hydrocarbyl group Y will displace one of the hydrogen atoms of the hydrocarbyl, whilst functional groups such as carbonyl, carboxyl, tertiary amino (N), oxy, sulphonyl and sulphoxyl in a substituted hydrocarbyl group will displace a CH or CH2 moiety of the hydrocarbyl. During combustion, oxygen (O 2) combines rapidly with C, H 2, sulphur (S 2) and their compounds in solid, liquid and gaseous fuels and results in the liberation of energy. / The (active matter) concentration of any ignition improver present will preferably be 2600 ppmw or less, more preferably 2000 ppmw or less, even more preferably 300 to 1500 ppmw. Examples of ash-free dispersants which may be used include the polyalkenyl succinimides and polyalkenyl succininic acid esters disclosed in Japanese Patent Nos. Liquid fuels are contrasted with solid fuels and gaseous fuels. Liquid fuel composition effects on ignition probability were studied in a flow relevant to gas turbine ignition. Feedstock characterisation results showed that PKS and PP were able to produce sustainable liquid fuel and . There are several methods for detecting water in jet fuel. Where the non-hydroxycarboxylic acid is introduced separately to the reaction, the proportion which is required in order to produce a polymer or oligomer of a given molecular weight can be determined either by simple experiment or by calculation by the person skilled in the art. The LPG cylinder composition is given as follows -. Biomass is pretreated in process 410 and then subjected to a series of temperature ramp profiles (Tn) and pressure shock profiles (Pn), where n is an integer greater than 1 that describes the stages in the stepwise decomposition of the biomass. Combining fractions collected before 163F and the fraction distilling between 189F and 370F yields GC results shown in Fig. g However, there is no tax regulation in the Chicago Convention to refuel the aircraft before departure. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas (predominantly methane, CH 4, with some mixture of ethane, C 2 H 6) that has been cooled down to liquid form for ease and safety of non-pressurized storage or transport.It takes up about 1/600th the volume of natural gas in the gaseous state (at standard conditions for temperature and pressure).. LNG is odorless, colorless, non-toxic and non-corrosive. The exact composition of any particular batch of jet fuels is dependent upon the crude oil from which it was derived and on the refinery processes used for its production. t-butanol, i-butanol, hexanol, 2-ethylhexanol, 2-propyl heptanol, decanol, isotridecanol, butyl glycols, and alcohol mixtures such as those sold by Shell companies under the trade mark LINEVOL, especially LINEVOL 79 alcohol which is a mixture of C7-9 primary alcohols, or a C12-14 alcohol mixture which is commercially available). Jet fuel is therefore defined as a performance specification rather than a chemical compound. The increased thermal conductivity serves to efficiently transmit heat energy needed to break down the biomass to the next stage in its decomposition. Quaternizing agents that may be used to form the salt derivative may be selected from dimethylsulphuric acid, a dialkyl sulphate having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkyl halide such as methyl chloride, methyl bromide, aryl halide such as benzyl chloride. Typically, the base fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine is a gasoline or a diesel fuel, and therefore the liquid fuel composition of the present invention is typically a gasoline composition or a diesel fuel composition. studied in a ow relevant to g as turbine ignition. Volatile components can be recirculated to at least one of the following: a) one or more processing stations b) the dehydration catalyst, c) the aromatization catalyst, and d) the gas-upgrading catalyst in order to create fuels. Such methods are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. 4,877,416. the paper by Danping Wei and H. A. Spikes, The Lubricity of Diesel Fuels, Wear, III (1986) 217-235; WO-A-95/33805cold flow improvers to enhance lubricity of low sulphur fuels; U.S. Pat. In this process the biomass is first . As higher temperatures are reached, the fact that carbon is a better heat transfer agent than water enables higher boiling compounds to become volatile. Therefore, any incremental improvement in fuel economy (FE) is of great importance in the automotive sector. A liquid fuel composition includes alcohols of four carbon atoms and additives, the liquid fuel composition being for ignition by compression. The present invention relates to a liquid fuel composition comprising a mixture of hydrocarbons and a cyclic hydrocarbon compound that suppresses the emission of soot particulates. Suitable compounds having a group reactive with the terminal carboxylic acid group of the poly(hydroxycarboxylic acid) of formula (I) and a terminal amine group, include unsubstituted and substituted amines, diamines, and polyamines, examples of substituted amines are mono-, di- and tri-alkylamines, alkyleneamines, and alpha-amino- or alpha-hydroxy-alkane amines, most suitably ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepennamine and pentaethylenehexamine, most preferably tetraethylenepentamine; and, suitable bifunctional linking compounds, which can form a linking group between the polyester and the terminal amine group, are polyamines, polyols, hydroxyamines and Z groups as described above. Snoop ms-snoop-8oz liquid leak detector, 8 oz. A particularly preferred ester compound for use herein is a C7-C9 ester of trimethylolpropane commercially available under the tradename Priolube 3970 from Croda Europe Limited. L The magnitude of the pressure can vary from 0.2 MPa to 10 GPa and may be applied via a number of different technologies, including air driven pistons, hydraulically driven pistons, and explosive driven devices. 8 summarizes the distillation properties of fuel components according to an embodiment of the present invention and the properties of a gasoline composition, aviation fuel composition, kerosene composition and diesel fuel composition containing a fuel component. Certain embodiments can operate with supercritical carbon dioxide, supercritical water, supercritical methane, supercritical methanol, or mixtures of the above. Density This is defined as the ratio of the mass of the fuel to the volume of the fuel at a reference tem-perature of 15C. You can target the Engineering ToolBox by using AdWords Managed Placements. Ethanol for use in gasoline and industrial purposes may be considered a fossil fuel because it is often synthesized from the petroleum product ethylene, which is cheaper than production from fermentation of grains or sugarcane. In order to accomplish this devolatilization in a selective manner, the temperature treatment is accompanied by a pressure treatment. Some synthetic jet fuels show a reduction in pollutants such as SOx, NOx, particulate matter, and sometimes carbon emissions. No dehydration was performed for these samples. In another embodiment of the present invention p is 0. Both these gases at room temperature are colourless and odourless. Referring to the figure, a biomass feedstock 500 is processed in biomass biofractioning process 510 (described below) to produce biofuels 520 which are optionally dehydrated in process 530. No. A diesel engine may be more fuel-efficient than an avgas engine. It may also be co-blended with methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, butanediol, isobutanol, and vegetable oil. 3,822,209. The C4+ compounds can comprise compounds primarily with 4 to 16 carbon atoms. Furthermore, in order to maintain a low sulphur level, salicylate detergents are preferred. Ester compounds for use herein may be used alone or as mixtures of one or more esters. A fuel composition comprising a liquid hydrocarbon fuel and a detergent amount of the product of reaction between a polyamine and a stearic acid is described. However, viscosity increase is often observed during an oil drain interval (ODI) [SAE 2008-01-1740], which is expected to be detrimental to fuel economy. The aviation fuel composition of the present invention has a final boiling point of at most 250C, a Lean Mixture MON number of 75 or more, and a Rich Mixture Octane number of 85 or more. Examples are lubricity enhancers; dehazers, e.g. Gupta FNASc, FWIF, I. Ali, in Environmental Water, 2013 2.5.1.14 Fertilizer Industries Wastes. Likewise, where this document refers to technologies that would be apparent or known to one of ordinary skill in the art, such technologies encompass those apparent or known to the skilled artisan now or at any time in the future. Density (kg/m3) 4. Some common properties of liquid fuels are that they are easy to transport, and can be handled with relative ease. The point was made that a liquid-metal fuel has no theoretical limitation of burnup, suffers no radiation damage, and is easily handled for fission-product poison removal. Thus, in a preferred embodiment, the lubricating oil composition may contain one or more salicylate detergents. However, the measurement of fuel properties is time-consuming, cost-intensive, and limited to the operating conditions. Embodiments feature dispensation onto a biomass chamber that is much wider and longer than it is thick. A visual check may detect high concentrations of suspended water, as this will cause the fuel to become hazy in appearance. Most preferably, the optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group Y in formula (III) is a stearyl group, 12-hydroxystearyl group, an oleyl group or a 12-hydroxyoleyl group, and that derived from naturally occurring oil such as tall oil fatty acid. This program is part of the Department of Defense Assured Fuel Initiative, an effort to develop secure domestic sources for the military energy needs. from a bio-oil feedstock utilizing a hydro-treatment process for the bio-oil. Biomass may be loaded piecemeal onto a plurality of movable biomass reaction chambers which are movable using conventional drive mechanisms such as gear drives, chain drives, ratcheting sprockets, etc. When the acid is polycarboxylic, having for example from 2 to 4 carboxy groups, the hydrocarbyl group is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted polymethylene. Both the engine and the fuel still bear the name of Diesel. a propane-1,2-diol semi-ester of tetrapropenyl succinic acid, or polyhydric alcohol esters of a succinic acid derivative, the succinic acid derivative having on at least one of its alpha-carbon atoms an unsubstituted or substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing from 20 to 500 carbon atoms, e.g. 500 liters of synthetic kerosene was mixed with regular jet fuel. Preferably, the amount of the first fuel additive having a viscosity of less than 27 cSt and a NOACK volatility of 100% wt or less, preferably 20% wt or less, present in the liquid fuel composition of the present invention is at least 5 ppmw (parts per million by weight), based on the overall weight of the liquid fuel composition. Turbine engines (like diesel engines) can operate with a wide range of fuels because fuel is injected into the hot combustion chamber. The term Hydrocarbyl in the context of the alcohol has the same meaning as given above for the acid. In the case of polyethers, such products also have carrier oil properties. unleaded). [71][77], Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their, "JP-1", "JP-2", and "JP-3" redirect here. 2.3 sometimes mandatory to use additives. Electronic tobacco oil is composed of propylene glycol, glycerin, alcohol, tobacco extract, nicotine, cigarette essence, plant extract, etc. Fig. Preferably, the amount of the second fuel additive in the liquid fuel composition of the present invention is at least 10 ppmw (parts per million by weight), based on the overall weight of the liquid fuel composition. Jet fuel is a mixture of a variety of hydrocarbons. Synthetic gases with high H 2 and CO content typically contain inert gases, thus lowering their heating value compared to natural gas and other hydrocarbon-based fuels. The dispensed biomass is subjected to a novel biofractioning process 420 described in detail in co-owned Patent Application No. Jet fuel is often used in diesel-powered ground-support vehicles at airports. The liquid hydrogen is the fuel and the liquid oxygen is the oxidizer. poly-12-hydroxystearate esters; polyetheramines; esters or nitrogen derivatives of hydroxy polycarboxylic acids (eg tartaric acid, citric acid); esters of alkylsuccinic acids eg dodecenylsuccinnates, polyisobutenylsuccinates; nitrogen derivatives of carboxylic acids, eg amine salts; esters of carboxylic acids (eg glycerol esters, glycerol mono oleate eg Priolube 1407 from Croda Chemicals); alkoxylated alcohols eg ethoxylated alcohols, propoxylated alcohols, butoxylated alcohols, such as commercially available under the NEODOL tradename from Shell Chemicals; alkoxylated amines eg ethoxylated amines, propoxylated amines, butoxylated amines such as those commercially from Akzo-Nobel under the tradename Ethomeen and Propomeen; alkoxylated amides or esters, eg propoxylated ester and/or amides of alkyl DEA or alkyl AEEA. Crude Oil as a GT fuel. However, accurate knowledge of its composition, which varies depending upon the location of its extraction, and can change upon transportation and storage, is vital to ensure confidence in the trade and uptake of LNG. 1 is a flow diagram demonstrating basic steps in the production of components of the liquid fuel composition of the present invention. 5,000,792 and U.S. Pat. Alternative Fuels Tests on a C-17 Aircraft: Emissions Characteristics, DTIC Document", "Alternative Aviation Fuel Experiment (AAFEX)", "Qatar Airways Becomes First to Operate Commercial Flight on GTL Jet Fuel Blend", "Sasol takes to the skies with the world's first fully synthetic jet fuel", "Fueling the Fleet, Navy Looks to the Seas", "How The Navy Might Spin Seawater Into Jet Fuel", "Energy Independence: Creating Fuel from Seawater", "Guess What Could Fuel the Battleships of the Future? 5,888,376 and U.S. Pat. Preferably, A is an arylene, alkylene or alkenylene group, in particular an arylene, alkylene or alkenylene group containing in the range of from 4 to 25 carbon atoms, more preferably in the range of from 6 to 25 carbon atoms, more preferably in the range of from 8 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably in the range of from 10 to 22 carbon atoms, and most preferably in the range of from 12 to 20 carbon atoms. Note that diesel is a mixture of different molecules. The latter two processes produce C2-C6 oxygenates and sugar alcohols, which are typically subjected to Pt/Ru catalysts in order to form gasoline precursors. The catalysts that can be used in the conversion include aromatization catalysts, gas-upgrading catalysts and dehydration catalysts. Other diesel fuel components for use herein include the so-called biofuels which derive from biological materials. The number of 2.63 kg of carbon dioxide from 1 liter of Diesel is close to the values found in the literature. 4,208,190 at column 2, line 27 to column 3, line 21); anti-rust agents (e.g. For rocket propulsion the fuel and oxidizer are usually stored as either a liquid or a solid. Suitable commercially available lubricity enhancers include ester- and acid-based additives. It has a very low freezing point of 60C (76F), and a low flash point as well. Preferably, in said compound of formula (Va), there are at least 4 carbon atoms, more preferably at least 6 carbon atoms, and even more preferably in the range of from 8 to 14 carbon atoms connected directly between the carbonyl group and the oxygen atom derived from the hydroxyl group. These substances are called exhaust. One approach to this problem is to write the combustion equation for each of the combustible elements per 100 kg of fuel. ", "The Navy Just Turned Seawater Into Jet Fuel", "U.S. Navy to turn seawater into jet fuel", "World First Synthetic Kerosene Takes to the Air", "Officials certify first aircraft for biofuel usage", "Fat Replaces Oil for F-16s as Biofuels Head to War: Commodities", "UOP To Develop Technology to Produce Bio JP-8 for Military Jets", "Air Force jets perform first flyover using alternative fuel", "A Promising Oil Alternative: Algae Energy", "Crop this: Virgin takes off with nut-fuel - 26 Feb 2008 - NZ Herald: New Zealand Business, Markets, Currency and Personal Finance News", "Velocys press release, "Partnership formed, aimed at waste-to-jet-fuel plants in UK", "United flies first US passengers using fuel from algae", "United Airlines Flies First U.S. Commercial Advanced Biofuel Flight", "Solazyme completes first commercial flight on biofuel", "More airlines fold as fuel prices soar: IATA", "Revised ASTM Standard Expands Limit on Biofuel Contamination in Jet Fuels | www.astm.org", "Council Directive 2003/96/EC of 27 October 2003, restructuring the Community framework for the taxation of energy products and electricity", "Modulation of bronchial epithelial cell barrier function by in vitro jet propulsion fuel 8 exposure", "Long-term exposure to jet fuel: an investigation on occupationally exposed workers with special reference to the nervous system", "Potential Risks to Hearing Functions of Service Members From Exposure to Jet Fuels", "Effects of concurrent noise and jet fuel exposure on hearing loss", "A review of health effects associated with exposure to jet engine emissions in and around airports", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jet_fuel&oldid=1115451244. As electrical resistance and thermal conductivity are inversely correlated for carbon as for metals (See, for example, Buerschaper, R.A. in Journal ofApplied Physics 15 (1944) 452-454 and Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 5th edition), these studies reveal a compression memory on the part of the carbon. FM11this is the reaction product of C8-C18 fatty acids and C18 unsaturated fatty acids with diethanolamine and propylene oxide (as disclosed in WO2010/05720). The boiling point of propane is -42C and that of butane is -0.5 C. No. Natural gas as recovered at the wellhead consists of mostly methane (C 1), but it contains other hydrocarbons, principally ethane (C 2), propane (C 3), butanes (C 4), and pentanes C 5 that constitute the natural gas liquids, as discussed in the previous section. In the present invention, the optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group Y in formula (III) may contain one or more functional groups such as carbonyl, carboxyl, nitro, hydroxy, halo, alkoxy, amino, preferably tertiary amino (no NH linkages), oxy, cyano, sulphonyl and sulphoxyl. Remember, the oxidizer helps the fuel burn. The one or more poly(hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide salt derivatives may be obtained by reaction of an amine and a poly(hydroxycarboxylic acid) of formula (I). The physicochemical properties of aerospace fuels are directly influenced by chemical composition. These applications will - due to browser restrictions - send data between your browser and our server. Worldwide demand of jet fuel has been steadily increasing since 1980. When used in a modern Flexible fuel vehicle, it delivers more performance to the gasoline it replaces at the expense of higher fuel consumption due to ethanol's lesser specific energy content.[3]. Liquid fuel engines are composed of liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen. hexanol, 2-ethylhexanol, decanol, isotridecanol and alcohol mixtures such as those sold by Shell companies under the trade mark LINEVOL, especially LINEVOL 79 alcohol which is a mixture of C7-9 primary alcohols, or a C12-14 alcohol mixture which is commercially available. No. Suitable viscosity control agents for use as the first fuel additive herein include polyalphaolefins, esters, alkyl benzenes and alkyl naphthenates. Compounds which may be conveniently used in the lubricating oil composition as seal fix or seal compatibility agents include, for example, commercially available aromatic esters. 1367796, 1667140, 1302811 and 1743435. For example, gasolines comprising a major proportion of oxygenated hydrocarbons are currently commercially available in countries such as Brazil and U.S.A., e.g. 13/103,905 entitled "Method for Biomass Fractioning by Enhancing Thermal Conductivity" and co-owned Patent Application No. There is essentially a memory effect or a slow relaxation after the impact. The C4+ compounds can comprise compounds primarily with 4 to 16 carbon atoms. More preferably, the amount of the performance package present in the liquid fuel composition of the present invention additionally accords with one or more of the parameters (i) to (xv) listed below: In the liquid fuel compositions of the present invention, if the base fuel used is a gasoline, then the gasoline may be any gasoline suitable for use in an internal combustion engine of the spark-ignition (petrol) type known in the art, including automotive engines as well as in other types of engine such as, for example, off road and aviation engines. The hydrophobic hydrocarbon radical in the above detergent additives, which ensures the adequate solubility in the base fluid, has a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of from 85 to 20 000, especially from 113 to 10 000, in particular from 300 to 5000. The actual composition of LNG will vary depending on its source and on the liquefaction process, but in all cases the major constituent will be methane with small percentages of the heavier hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane, butane and pentane. 3,565,804, U.S. Pat. The advantages of butanol are its high octane rating (over 100) and high energy content, only about 10% lower than gasoline, and subsequently about 50% more energy-dense than ethanol, 100% more so than methanol. Preferably, the amount of the performance package present in the liquid fuel composition of the present invention is in the range of 15 ppmw (parts per million by weight) to 10% wt, based on the overall weight of the liquid fuel composition. It mainly contains propane or butane or the mixture of both of them. The only other jet fuel commonly used in civilian turbine-engine powered aviation is Jet B, which is used for its enhanced cold-weather performance. Its combustion is very clean compared to other hydrocarbon fuels, but the fuel's low boiling point requires the fuel to be kept at high pressures to keep it in the liquid state. Liquid fuels are combustible or energy-generating molecules that can be harnessed to create mechanical energy, usually producing kinetic energy; they also must take the shape of their container. per US gallon). wherein Y is hydrogen or optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, A is a divalent optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group and n is from 1 to 100, with an acid or a quaternizing agent. The fuel used was an EN228 Low Sulphur E5 Gasoline. 5c, and consists of 18% benzene and 46.5% toluene and 35.5% of other components. The technology requires an input of electrical energy to separate Oxygen (O2) and Hydrogen (H2) gas from seawater using an iron-based catalyst, followed by an oligomerization step wherein carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen are recombined into long-chain hydrocarbons, using zeolite as the catalyst. This process subjects the biomass to decomposition using temperature ramps under pressure. Conveniently, the research octane number (RON) of the gasoline may be at least 80, for instance in the range of from 80 to 110, preferably the RON of the gasoline will be at least 90, for instance in the range of from 90 to 110, more preferably the RON of the gasoline will be at least 91, for instance in the range of from 91 to 105, even more preferably the RON of the gasoline will be at least 92, for instance in the range of from 92 to 103, even more preferably the RON of the gasoline will be at least 93, for instance in the range of from 93 to 102, and most preferably the RON of the gasoline will be at least 94, for instance in the range of from 94 to 100 (EN 25164); the motor octane number (MON) of the gasoline may conveniently be at least 70, for instance in the range of from 70 to 110, preferably the MON of the gasoline will be at least 75, for instance in the range of from 75 to 105, more preferably the MON of the gasoline will be at least 80, for instance in the range of from 80 to 100, most preferably the MON of the gasoline will be at least 82, for instance in the range of from 82 to 95 (EN 25163). [1] Furthermore, the range of molecular mass between hydrocarbons (or different carbon numbers) is defined by the requirements for the product, such as the freezing point or smoke point. The (active matter) concentration of any detergent in the diesel fuel composition will preferably be in the range from 5 to 1500 ppmw, more preferably from 10 to 750 ppmw, most preferably from 20 to 500 ppmw.

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