tattoos; deviant behavior; subcultures; activism Articles & Book Reviews Review of David C. Lane's "The Other End of the Needle: Continuity and Change Among Tattoo Workers." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 2021 Academ-Ink: University Fashion and Its Discontents Fashion Theory 2020 Statutory regulations are important because of the risk of disease and infection if not regulated correctly. It states, Apprenticeships are the norms for training and entrance into the body art business. Crime is behavior that violates these laws and is certainly an important type of deviance that concerns many Americans. I dont have many people in my life that have tattoos or piercings. The author includes the point that many people do not understand tattooing, because their version of what looks good or is acceptable involves small, innocuous tattoos, that are often easily concealable, and reject the larger tattoos. 1.) Of note, when responding to the question What do you think are peoples opinions of tattoos?, most participants (39%) felt that people have mixed feelings or negative feelings (35%), by contrast to the 17% of the participants who believed that people felt positively about tattoos. Piercings (non-ear) really increased with the Millennials, up to 23%, from 9% in Gen X to almost none with the older groups. There are also health concerns. At the end of this article there are really stunning charts about tattooing across different states and just different numbers and the statistics were astonishing. People work long hours, and put a lot of time and effort into their art. Discussion Questions: This became a widespread cultural identification for sailors and the lower class that associated with them. Maroto focuses on control obtained through 3 dominant strategies of professionalization: the standardization of training, the formation of professional organizations, and the incorporation of statutory regulations (106). But people with tattoos are actually more aggressive and rebellious than those without, researchers have found. 1. Tattooists are now beginning to see clients from all different backgrounds, seeing tattoos are being seen as more of an art form, and positive thing than they were in the past. Many tattoo artists consider themselves artisits which also helps shed a positive light on the industry. The change process usually takes some time and may be accompanied by significant disagreement, especially for social norms that are viewed as essential. These kinds of reactions are hurtful and can place preconceived and untrue notions on tattooed people. Stigma, according to a widely accepted view, is a socially constructed relationship between a socially undesirable characteristic and a stereotype. In the world of body art and heavily tattooed individuals there are many different aspects which I had never previously considered. Although the industry is starting to evolve into the mainstream population, they still face many struggles. They take on a persona of things more than just ink and skin. But the idea that there is a correlation between body art and "deviance" raised eyebrows among people who have tattoos. The growing popularity of tattooing has also been aided by the increase of body art in television shows and clothing lines, as well as news reportings which tales that tattooing is the sixth fastest growing retail business in the past decade (Maroto 107). The author focused mainly on the tattoo culture in Seattle, with her reasoning behind this being that she was dating an artist that worked in the area, and also because that region is a hotspot for tattoo artists and clients. An occupation becomes a profession when it establishes exclusive jurisdiction over a particular area through the use of abstract knowledge (Maroto 103). People who obtain tattoos are more perceived negatively towards tattooed figures than that of non-tattooed adults. In Marotos work Professionalizing Body Art: A Margininalized Occupational Groups Use of Informal and Formal Strategies of Control she discusses how views on professionalism depend on the perspective they are coming from. These collectors and artists who have large and visible tattoos break the mainstream norm. They all have a great understanding for art work, and have a strong connection with it. Although members of these professions (especially the armed services) were the original tattoo enthusiasts in the early days of Americana glory (DeMello 2000; Steward 1990), they have since found their personal expression through body art hindered by what some see as discriminatory policies. Because it requires breaking the skin barrier, tattooing carries inherent health risks, including infection and allergic reactions. The influence of illegal immigrant's population caused a rise in gang activity. In order to increase their own individual business many resort to informal ways such as close knit social groups, and people who they provide services to, to network them. The article stated that they rise above normal society, but also because their exceptional status allows them to break norms more than normal people (Irwin 46). Neutral. http://www.wowtattoos.com/, History of Body Art Links: I'd like to keep clean. Another expressed, "I am a Christian, it is conflicting as in the Christian religion to treat and respect one's body as a temple., Other reasons for forgoing a tattoo included disapproval from family and friends and incurring negative views at work. Almost half of American adults have a tattoo, while some 20 percent have considered . Michelle Lee Maroto describes different forms of body art and expression in her article Professionalizing Body Art: A marginalized Occupational Groups Use of Informal and Formal Strategies of Control. Artists that work at shops generally stay there for a very long time. While in history body art has been known to be a deviant behavior, it wasnt until the 1960s that body art was challenged by law in certain states. These people are the basis of the tattoo world and Irwin used a five year ethnographic study of professional tattooing to examine the status of both positive and negative deviants in the society and how the statuses affect the social groups. There are three major professional organizations in regards to body art: the Association of Professional Piercers (APP), the Alliance of Professional Tattooists (APT), and the National Tattoo Association (NTA). In the first article entitled Professionalizing Body Art by Michele Maroto, the author focuses on the professional career of body art. Copyright 2023 NBCUniversal Media, LLC. Restore content access for purchases made as guest, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health, 48 hours access to article PDF & online version. Concluding with the Irwins statement that people are looked at negatively, No matter how popular having one or two small tattoos becomes, many people continue to see the heavily tattooed as freaks and spectacles(Irwin, 40). During the 1920's through the 1950's tattoo parlors were slowly starting to pop up in cities, mostly in alleyways and districts characterized by poverty and crime. Maroto conducted a methodology of interviews and surveys focusing on the occupation and community interactions as a whole. http://www.katvond.net/bio.php Katherine Irwin, the author of the article, Saints and Sinners: Elite Tattoo Collectors and Tattooists as Positive and Negative Deviants seeks to explore why those who collect tattoos and tattoo artists collectively represent both positive and negative aspects of deviant behavior. Body art has moved away from current culture and has seen an increase in business recently. . 27-57. Maroto collected information from tattoo studios by interviewing them or having them fill out a survey. 1. The point arises also that women should not get any tattoos, because it breaks the standard of beauty that is established by society. Print. Psychology Today 2023 Sussex Publishers, LLC. The article mentions that having tattoos and piercings automatically places a label of deviant behavior on an adolescent individual (Dukes, 2016). 2010. What did the researchers find? The acceptance of tattoos in society has come not only through liberal identification, but it has also has the driving force of pop culture production behind it. According to Irwin she believes that elite collectors fall under both categories, positive and negative because some people view them as vile while others view the tattoos as transfixing (Irwin 29). This illustrates that tattoos are ideas of groups that are permanently tattooed on the body. She then goes into explaining how these forms of control can be broken intro two sets, which mentioned before informal and formal strategies. There is a high rate of tattooing and body piercing among college students. She focuses on two groups within the elite realm of tattooing. The other half viewed the very same images but with the arm tattoos digitally erased. The links below explain more about body art: Through her research, she gained valuable knowledge. Elite collectors and tattooists are an example of positive and negative deviants because they combine a conflicting set of norms and values (29). An example of this that Irwin brings up is the stereotypical associations with skin color. It is my own way of showing my emotions towards something in a way that I find comfortable. "This is kind of my way to, you know, have fun," he said. Most artists interviewed commented along the lines of wanting to be considered an artist first and foremost, the census bureau puts them under Miscellaneous personal services for a job description. http://www.katvond.net/. In short, behavior that is deviant becomes more acceptable over time and, after a while, people no longer think of it as violating . 1) Where is the most common place a first timer will get a tattoo? Society's Definition of Deviant Behavior Did it hurt? Print. Overall, most deviance they received is because of the distance from the traditional values and norms of society. That is, having a tattoo was a pretty tell-tale sign that you were likely to be engaging in other deviant activities. Even though some people will conform to accepting, and even getting one to two small tattoos, once the amount gets out of hand, and the body becomes a true art piece, people give it a negative connotation. Many descriptions of being stared at, spat upon, and generally inhumanely treated were shown as a response to being heavily tattooed, along with questions like: How long did it take? In the 1800s tattooing was something that was more widely accepted and respected. In her findings, she found that most tattoo artists work over forty hours a week, and they put a lot of dedication into their work. One study concluded that 51% of college students sampled had body piercing and 23% had tattoos. http://www.bodyartexpo.com/MAIN.PHP, This is a link to Kat Von D from LA Ink: In the article the research showed that about 15% of the population was tattooed and 88% of the population knew someone who was tattooed. They are concerned with creating their own space for themselves on the margins of society by shattering social norms. Finally, elites and artists get fame from the tattoos they do. The tattoos I have on my own body each and for a person remembrance for myself of a loved one I have lost. This articlebridges this gap in our knowledge by identifying individuals who surpass and fall below social norms (Irwin 28). When surveying the entire population it was concluded that 15% of the population was tattooed and 88% of people knew someone with a tattoo.

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