located 1,000 miles from the hWmo9+[+UH EkNB|6YiaVJ=cRh7{T1R,5LI1$K=s)XR&87@&$LTPLutlcyNuzjf--\?qaXZM&HM.Eg"HnTqSWqN0&~2kf0 Md|d&:zhe)7I? S wave: The second seismic wave of an earthquake. Students also investigate which structural designs are most likely to survive an earthquake. within type by subtype, then by grade, etc. Based on your answers to the previous question, what is the lag time for locations that are Ch Person/Attorney Filing: - Superior Court - Maricopa County - superiorcourt maricopa. Reading Strategy. m>r/Q[6 0000006984 00000 n Earthquakes occur along faults, which are cracks in the Earths crust that build tension. Zip. 107 0 obj <>stream To abbreviate, use the symbol M (a capital M, plain text, no sub/superscripts) expressed to the nearest 0.1. They use three seismographs in a process called triangulation to determine earthquake epicenters. Using the real-world data in the living lab enables students and teachers to practice analyzing data to solve problems and answer questions, in much the same way that scientists and engineers do every day. Even though the scale formulae are different, MMS retains the familiar continuum of magnitude values defined by the older scale. approximate period of the surface waves in seconds? Point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus. 0000008088 00000 n The living lab presents earthquake information through a focus on four active seismic areas and historic earthquakes in those areas. /g$=#!$EbBbhD!,x so^6Uc})\uJs=fyY}j'|YjTm8B_[}*Ovm\[J'.mu?lQg,wzJM^X&P w>-T%*h%J4 yB@VPmP]@D------------,2dfY$"A!ANAASi)4$dniiiinH% Gxt5DJ) )9RRr$II'y ??O's^3@[{*{VT?nsNS!ilq]mFO?? You will analyze the records and locate the earthquake using a method known 92 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[83 25]/Info 82 0 R/Length 62/Prev 466624/Root 84 0 R/Size 108/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream a project of D2L (www.achievementstandards.org). 1,000 miles from the epicenter of an earthquake? Adjust the timing to the class period, remembering that you will need time to introduce the investigation, clean up afterwards, and re-set up for the next class (if you are working with more than one class). triangulation: A method to determine exactly where an earthquake originates. Upload a document. aqmd. 13 4 locating an earthquake epicenter geosciences libretexts . Question 5 of 22 4.55/ 4.55 Points Questions 5 through 11 are based on Lab Exercise #2: Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake. In order to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter, seismographsfrom at least three different places are needed for a particular event. How does distance from the epicenter affect the S-P time interval? Construct an oral and written argument supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon or a solution to a problem. Expert Answer. Show students some of the numerous online animations comparing the movements of P and S waves. HTn {0,`K6}(J6]&Q^"!q57y_VQ9fp3/?Mc=KGsrrt:c\$Lh`4}>C>`qcSj0[YpZ_Su(322/N Z./$E )H %C[5ph[BUyGh7|!XPQiDjJ(|BNvylk+g;9G(#Aby>Jcf`XmnwtDD+;Z^I&Sb-4!7oi` L7 endstream endobj 78 0 obj <> endobj 79 0 obj <>stream Today we will be using a traveltime graph, where the vertical separation between, the P and S curves is equal to the difference in the arrival times between the Pwave, and Swave. The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of travel of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. A little under 30 seconds, maybe around 26 seconds. Notify the classroom teacher of technology needs (overhead projector). velocity, amplitude, and frequency of the Draw your signature, type it, upload its image, or use your mobile device as a signature pad. surface wave? Every earthquake is recorded on numerous seismographs located in different directions. ' endstream endobj 69 0 obj <> endobj 70 0 obj [85 0 R] endobj 71 0 obj <> endobj 72 0 obj <> endobj 73 0 obj <>stream Note the differences in The travel-time graph Get the inside scoop on all things TeachEngineering such as new site features, curriculum updates, video releases, and more by signing up for our newsletter! minutes = 6 minutes. All the arcs should intersect at a common point - the epicenter. In this activity, students use an online simulationVirtual Earthquakethat is accessible through the Earthquakes Living Lab interface, to locate the epicenter of an earthquake by making simple measurement on three seismograms, recordings of an earthquake's seismic waves detected by instruments (seismographs) far away from the earthquake. 0000001893 00000 n Choose an answer and hit 'next'. Legal. In Figure 13.9, there is an example seismogram from a station that includes a minor earthquake. Dochub is the best editor for changing your documents online. Focus (aka Hypocenter) is the location in the Earth where the earthquake starts. The time The earthquake occurred somewhere along that circle. 74 Earthquake Activity: Locating the Epicenter and Time of Earthquake . This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. Sixty-seven people lost their lives, and property damage was estimated at $6 billion. In a concluding class discussion, have groups share their ideas about engineering and one new thing they learned about earthquakes. In this 1-to-10 logarithmic scale, each succeeding level representing 10 times as much energy as the last. Lab Exercise #2: Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake In this lab exercise, you will locate the epicenter of an earthquake. The USGS Earthquake Hazards Program is part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP), established by Congress in 1977, and the USGS Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) was established by Congress as a NEHRP facility. To locate the epicenter of the earthquake, seismologists use the . longer or shorter). S waves. 2. Considered best for measuring small earthquakes (3.5 M or less). travel time for P waves. If the lag time were measured at a location closer to the epicenter, how would it compare Great-circle arcs are drawn on the globe using the distance of the earthquake to the station as a radius. HTn0MmcHCB How does the lag time change as you get farther and First, determine the P-wave arrival, and read down to the bottom of the seismogram to note at what time (usually marked in seconds) that the P-wave arrived. EARTHQUAKES: Epicenter Determination and Seismic Waves First locate and mark the three seismic stations on the world map provided below. Focal Depth. After this activity, students should be able to: Each TeachEngineering lesson or activity is correlated to one or more K-12 science, Where the 3 circles intersect is the approximate location to the epicenter of the earthquake. endstream endobj startxref The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Thanks for your feedback! hb```f``Rl@ (l"`+uk?0.a~@6Vm;| G3f`75@v@Wz|A4#w9{(` ) Yw8SxGk}X3kfTfW& gk`41#'uf7"G\fsN4^8jC7[+%`qFLFKpFc Make arrangements so that each student group has a computer with Internet access. The simulation renders three circles on a map and directs students to find the epicenter. Take a few minutes to read the information on the left side of this page for the 2010 earthquake off the coast of central Chile. Students learn how engineers build shake tables that simulate the ground motions of the Earth caused by seismic waves in order to test the seismic performance of buildings. Was there an initial quake followed by smaller quakes? Students learn about the types of seismic waves produced by earthquakes and how they move through the Earth. It shows the time required for P Use mathematical representations of phenomena or design solutions to describe and/or support claims and/or explanations. 0000033429 00000 n BDF endstream endobj 74 0 obj <>stream Before going to the classroom, you will need to: Provide each student, with the following: Earthquakes occur every day all over the United States and all over the world. HtA1D41`s(GME$Ke*YdEOYf2-:r. If you draw a circle on a map around three different seismographs where the radius of each is the distance from that station to the earthquake, the intersection of those three circles is the epicenter. If your seismograph station is Assess their understanding based on the thoroughness of their answers. 9 - It is called triangulation because a triangle has three sides, and it takes three seismographs to locate an earthquake. Using historical seismographs, engineers forecast the strength or magnitude of earthquakes and make predictions and determine building codes and safety protocols. Figure 1 is a simplified example of a Make changes to the sample. A. Seismic waves-waves generated by an earthquake, can move the ground forward and back- answers the question. activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter The Science of Earthquakes | U.S. Geological Survey An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one . All 100,000+ K-12 STEM standards covered in TeachEngineering are collected, maintained and packaged by the Achievement Standards Network (ASN), S-P interval: The time interval between the arrivals of P and S waves. Subjects: Using 3 seismograms the students will be able to triangulate the epicenter of an earthquake. %%EOF 0000001533 00000 n 1. 0000005149 00000 n between arrival of P and S waves is called The lag time for any To complete the activity, some prior . graph. www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/csm_findingepicenters_activity1, Search curriculum by Common Core standards, http://www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/earthquakes/, Click to view other curriculum aligned to this Performance Expectation, Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Worksheet, Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes (docx), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes (pdf), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Example Answers (docx), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Example Answers (pdf), Earthquakes Living Lab: FAQs about P Waves, S Waves and More, Seismic Waves: How Earthquakes Move Through the Earth, Earthquakes Living Lab: Designing for Disaster, http://www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/index.php, https://www.newpathonline.com/api_player/enus_54_6304/LXX/index.html. If a quake is near the seismograph, the S-waves arrive shortly after the P-waves. (Source: USGS, Wikipedia). Sign, fax and printable from PC, iPad, tablet or mobile with pdfFiller Note-taking Worksheet. Develop a solution to a technological problem that has the least negative environmental and social impact. The period of a wave is the time between two adjacent wave peaks. important in helping seismologists determine the epicenter of the earthquake. Mr Gneiss. If the lag time were measured at a location closer to the epicenter, The period of a wave is the time between two adj, How does the period of the P waves compare to t. Use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of earthquakes. To make a magnitude determination, two measurements are needed: the S-P interval (already determined earlier in the tutorial) and the maximum amplitude of the seismic waves. Make an overhead copy of each of the handouts. What types of engineers might use this data the most? 0000005081 00000 n It takes S waves 14. 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Scientists and engineers around the globe gather data through observation and experimentation and use it to describe and understand how the world works. 4. 9 - The uses of technologies and any limitations on their use are driven by individual or societal needs, desires, and values; by the findings of scientific research; and by differences in such factors as climate, natural resources, and economic conditions. 0000007783 00000 n Earthquakes and Volcanoes. CH 02 HW - Chapter 2 physics homework for Mastering, Leadership class , week 3 executive summary, I am doing my essay on the Ted Talk titaled How One Photo Captured a Humanitie Crisis https, School-Plan - School Plan of San Juan Integrated School, SEC-502-RS-Dispositions Self-Assessment Survey T3 (1), Techniques DE Separation ET Analyse EN Biochimi 1, Use a travel-time graph to convert lag time into distance. 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Accessed December 11, 2013. http://www.sciencecourseware.com/virtualearthquake/, USGS Earthquake Magnitude Policy (implemented on January 18, 2002). Mark the first arrival of the swave on each seismogram. Three seismographs are needed. Thanks for your feedback! How does the period of the P waves compare to the period of the surface waves? P wave. H\0y The moment magnitude scale (MMS) was developed in the 1970s as a modification of the Richter scale and is better for measuring big earthquakes but less good for small ones. Use the graph to answer the questions that follow. 0000079769 00000 n Cross), Give Me Liberty! Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 1) Identify the general term for waves released from an earthquake. Answer the following questions in the spaces provided. Now on the main page of the Earthquakes Living Lab website (see Figure 2), note the featuring of four active seismic areas and the mapping of real-time and current data from earthquakes happening around the world. approximate period of the surface waves in seconds? Pwaves have the greatest velocity and reach the, seismic station first. Great exercise for Regents Earth Science. So the difference in the P- and S-wave arrival times determines the distance between the epicenter and a seismometer. 0000001396 00000 n The American Geosciences Institute represents and serves the geoscience community by providing collaborative leadership and information to connect Earth, science, and people. What is an earthquake? For this activity, select the "Chile" box. n{6c&6NK*U;=9i%nF When an earthquake strikes, P waves arrive at a seismograph rst and S waves next. Facility Name Busine Child ren Information Child Name C. Child Social Security Number Type of Case being filed - Check only one category. Seismic Waves. It is slower than the same earthquake's P wave and cannot travel through liquids. They make a model of a seismographa measuring device that records an earthquake on a seismogram. Activity 4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter, The three basic types of seismic wave generated by an earthquake at its focus are P, waves, Swaves, and Surface waves. Last updated November 26, 2013. 0000006011 00000 n P and Swaves are body waves and travelthrough the interior of the earth. If you complete all the problems, you should be able to: Identify P, S, and surface waves on a simple seismogram. (Grades The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake. 12), Seek, evaluate, and use a variety of specialized resources available from libraries, the Internet, and the community to find scientific information on Earth's history If you can't find an answer to your question, please contact us. Civil engineers, who design houses, apartment buildings, schools, skyscrapers, bridges, highways, tunnels, water treatment facilities, factories and other structures, may use this data to help them create safer structures that are less likely to sustain damage during earthquakes. What data is used to determine magnitude? Geology Labs On-Line, Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA. 0000009174 00000 n Graphs, charts, and images can be used to identify patterns in data. American Geosciences Institute. Finding the epicenter worksheet answer key. X!.43p2t!}SLx-3z.KN4X+H\+vk? Run through the investigation yourself and record the data, just to see how long it takes. by. %PDF-1.4 % Earth and Space, Physical Science, A process called triangulation uses seismic data from three locations to identify the epicenter of an earthquake.copyrightCopyright USGS http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kids/eqscience.php. 3. epicenter - the point on Earth's surface directly above the focus, or origin, of an earthquake. Use Figure 4.5 and the travel-time graph in Figure 4.4 to determine the distance between each station and THREE SEISMOGRAMS the epicenter. THREE SEISMOGRAMS Seismogram A - New York, NY 1 minute 1. Once three seismographs have been located, find the time interval between the arrival of the P-wave and the arrival of the S-wave. Step 1: ans- d) 65 seconds Ste . 3000 miles. Since the 1970s, the use of the Richter magnitude scale has largely been replaced in the scientific community by the moment magnitude scale (MMS). Today, most seismologists no longer follow Richter's original methodology because it does not give reliable results when applied to stronger earthquakes and it was not designed to use data from earthquakes recorded at epicentral distances greater than ~600 km. Hand out the worksheets to the groups and direct them to read through the instructions. 0000004060 00000 n 0000001736 00000 n How are S and P waves used to determine how far away epicenters are? Read through the sections What Is Seismology and What Are Seismic Waves?, Where Do Earthquakes Happen?, and Why Do Earthquakes Happen? to answer the following questions: What is the difference between S and P waves? and S waves depends on the distance from the epicenter of the answer the following question. Practicing this technique, the students work several problems on a map of the US. What is the time lag for the Seattle, Washington, seismic station? A seismograph is securely mounted onto the surface of the earth so that when the earth shakes, the entire unit shakes with it EXCEPT for the mass on the spring, which has inertia and remains in the same place. What is an earthquake? Review their answers to assess their base knowledge of the subject matter. Free K-12 standards-aligned STEM curriculum for educators everywhere. Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Lab Answers Thank you for reading Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Lab Answers . A.45 seconds B.50 seconds C.55 seconds D.65 seconds Answer Key: D !5(~q* epicenter, the longer the lag time measured Follow this simple guide to edit Locating the epicenter of an earthquake worksheet answer key in PDF format online free of charge: Explore all the advantages of our editor right now! inch = 500 km. 0000000856 00000 n (5 minutes) Discuss how gathering information on epicenters can be applied. Finding the Epicenter Determine the epicenter distance from three different seismographs. A circle is drawn from each of the three different seismograph locations, where the radius of each circle is equal to the distance from that station to the epicenter. 01. P and S arrivals, you can now locate an earthquake your answers below. Pwaves have the greatest velocity and reach theseismic station first. PS: We do not share personal information or emails with anyone. After reading about earthquakes, open a new window to an Earthquake Simulator at, Follow the simulation instructions. How is the magnitude of an earthquake determined? We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Fill Locating The Epicenter Of An Earthquake Worksheet Answers, Edit online. In Figure 13.9, there is an example seismogram from a station that includes a minor earthquake. 0000001675 00000 n Alignment agreement: 0000001143 00000 n seismogram. The period of P waves is shorter, than the period of surface waves. earthquake. Thus, the Richter scale is used for measuring small earthquakes (3.5 M or less), while the moment magnitude scale is used for measuring stronger earthquakes (3.5 M or higher). Earthquakes can also cause tsunamis, which are very large waves that can damage coastlines and put coastal residents in danger. (Grades 9 - 12). different types of seismic waves. (Grades long will it take, to the nearest 0. minutes, for the first P waves to travel from the epicenter to your station? The USGS and its partners monitor and report earthquakes, assess earthquake impacts and hazards, and . HTAn 5 4. : an American History (Eric Foner), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), How many minutes elapsed between the arrival of the first P wave and. 0000006538 00000 n (Source: USGS). ?t?s=Yt '_( endstream endobj 76 0 obj <>stream Send activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter worksheet answers via email, link, or fax. In the ASN, standards are hierarchically structured: first by source; e.g., by state; within source by type; e.g., science or mathematics; While no one can predict earthquakes, knowing the intensities, frequencies and locations of past earthquakes and fault planes helps us to better anticipate the locations and forces to expect, so we can do our best to prepare our communities and infrastructure to withstand them safely. Locating the epicenter of an earthquake worksheet answer key, locating the epicenter of an earthquake worksheet pdf, chapter 7 lab 1 locating epicenters answer key, how many seismographs are needed to locate the epicenter of an earthquake. The point where your ruler crosses the middle line on the chart marks the magnitude (strength) of the earthquake. Answer Key: Lab 5 Earthquakes - Find People EARTHQUAKES: Epicenter Determination and Seismic Waves . Figure 2 is a seismic wave travel-time For purposes of this activity, the least complicated and probably most accurate approach is to just use the term "magnitude," without needing to say "on the Richter scale" or "on the moment magnitude scale." Add to FlexBook Textbook. 100 km 4.1 km/s 24.4 s; Finding the epicenter (continued) data table analyze and conclude answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. ACTIVITY 4.2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 4.5 shows seismograms for the same earthquake recorded at three locations - New York, Nome, Alaska, and Mexico City. In this activity, students use an online simulationVirtual Earthquakethat is accessible through the Earthquakes Living Lab interface, to locate the epicenter of an earthquake by making simple measurement on three seismograms, recordings of an earthquake's seismic waves detected by instruments (seismographs) far away from the earthquake.

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