A total of 806 university students from the United States participated in the study. The age of participants ranged from 18 to 66 (M = 27.36, SD = 9.9). (Eds.). https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.46.4.877, Butler, J., & Kern, M. L. (2016). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062106, Deaton, A. Brief COPE Questionnaire Interestingly, after the onset of the pandemic, the predictor role of certain PsyCap dimensions shifted. I find Docmerit to be authentic, easy to use and a community with quality notes and study tips. Journal of Positive Psychology and Wellbeing, 1(2), 5372. Students use of self-blame (mean), Fig 9. The effect size of the change in well-being for PERMA elements was 38%, p2 = .380, a high effect size (Cohen, 1988). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), 877891. F. Luthans et al. Further, PsyCap HERO dimensions were negatively correlated to negative emotion and loneliness. COVID-19 and school closures impacted many children and adolescents' mental health and well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 679704. Social distancing regulations were enforced in an attempt to halt virus spread. The predictive role of PsyCap on well-being at two time points (before and after the onset of COVID-19) was analyzed using multivariate multiple regression (see Table 2). Do something physical like dancing. Investigating Mental Health of US College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Survey Study. Americans stress, worry and anger intensified in 2018. Students use of religious coping, Fig 7. PsyCaps positive psychological resources (HERO dimensions) may enable students to have a positive appraisal of circumstances (F. Luthans et al., 2007, p. 550) by providing mechanisms for reframing and reinterpreting potentially negative or neutral situations. Correspondence may be addressed to Priscilla Rose Prasath, 501 W. Cesar E. Chavez Boulevard, Durango Building, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78207, priscilla.prasath@utsa.edu. And there are ways to lessen your stress. Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). -, Beiter R, Nash R, McCrady M, Rhoades D, Linscomb M, Clarahan M, et al.. A tool to help you build resilience during difficult times. 2022 Nov 1;19(21):14282. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192114282. Your classmates, friends or family members may be disobeying the rules about physical distancing or doing other things that add to your stress. (1993). Conversely, when individuals employed problematic coping strategies such as behavioral disengagement and self-blame (Carver, 1997), the negative impacts were much stronger than the positive effect of adaptive coping strategies. The neurobiology research shows us that relationships and connections are important in mitigating the effects of trauma. PMC Fear and worrying about the virus can be overwhelming and cause strong emotions in adults and children. Eat well. Priscilla Rose Prasath, PhD, MBA, LPC (TX), is an assistant professor at the University of Texas at San Antonio. iGen: Why todays super-connected kids are growing up less rebellious, more tolerant, less happyand completely unprepared for adulthoodand what that means for the rest of us. Mental health and behavior of college students during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic: Longitudinal smartphone and ecological momentary assessment study. Disengagement coping includes responses such as avoidance, denial, and wishful thinking, as well as aspects of emotion-focused coping, because it involves an attempt to escape feelings of distress (Carver & Connor-Smith, 2010; de la Fuente et al., 2020). Epub 2021 May 12. COVID-19 has led to global dramatic shifts in daily life. Engage your senses with hot baths or fragrant candles. Interestingly, using emotional support also showed a similar mediating link between resilience and PERMA, but not for the factors of loneliness and negative emotion. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(6), 548556. Get enough sleep. (2008). The coping strategy of behavioral, Fig 6. Students use of self-blame (mean) and sources of expected support during the COVID-19, MeSH All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. Ertosun, . G., Erdil, O., Deniz, N., & Alpkan, L. (2015). The results also showed that the youngest students had the lowest coping skills. (2012). Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to major changes in peoples lives via protective strategies aimed at limiting the transmission of COVID-19, including social distancing, lockdowns, cancelled or limited leisure activities and tutorials and supervision for students taking place digital. They could also be adapted to provide services online. FOIA Indirect effects describing pathways from PsyCap factors to PERMA factors through identified coping strategies were tested for mediating roles. Mental health priorities: Stigma elimination and community advocacy in college settings. Well-being scores across all PERMA elements, including physical health, were lower than those reported retrospectively prior to the pandemic. de la Fuente, J., Lahortiga-Ramos, F., Laspra-Solis, C., Maestro-Martin, C., Alustiza, I., Auba, E., & Martin-Lanas, R. (2020). Routledge Academic. Recently, the use of positive psychology smartphone apps such as Happify and resilience-building video games such as SuperBetter have been suggested and tested as motivational tools, especially with younger adults, to foster sustained and continued engagement with PsyCap development (F. Luthans & Youssef-Morgan, 2017; McGonigal, 2015). Guilford. The COVID-19 pandemic has meant additional stress, fear, and worry for many families. Point-biserial correlation We utilized a correlational cross-sectional study design; therefore, although PsyCap was predictive of change in well-being before and during COVID-19, neither causation nor directionality can be assumed. https://doi.org/10.2307/3090197, Klussman, K., Nichols, A. L., Langer, J., & Curtin, N. (2020). Both individual counseling and group-based programming focused on PsyCap and positive coping strategies could support the well-being of university students as they experience ongoing stressors related to the pandemic or as they face other setbacks. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted See this image and copyright information in PMC. Coping is often defined as efforts to prevent or diminish the threat, harm, and loss, or to reduce associated distress (Carver & Connor-Smith, 2010, p. 685). Structural equation modeling in Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS, v23) software was used to test the mediating role of coping strategies on the relationship between PsyCap and change in PERMA scores. (2013). Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(3), 387393. A positive approach to management education: The relationship between academic PsyCap and student engagement. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.02.004, Avey, J. Prior to COVID-19, the PsyCap dimensions of optimism and self-efficacy were significant predictors of well-being. Such factors as age, gender, and place of residence influenced the choice of specific strategies of coping with stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings are discussed in three areas: reduction in well-being related to COVID-19, shift in predictive roles of PsyCap HERO dimensions, and coping strategies as a mediator. Measuring PERMA+ in South Australia, the State of Wellbeing: A comparison with national and international norms. School child wearing face mask during corona virus and flu outbreak. L = Loneliness. The study further analyses the causes of Malaysian university students' grievances and challenges and psychological effects in Hearing about the pandemic can be upsetting. Front. -, Wirkus , Babicka-Wirkus A, Opora R, Stasiak K. Burnout among Probation Officers in Poland and the Role of Preferred Styles of Coping with Stress. Positive expectancies and mental health: Identifying the unique contributions of hope and optimism. https://doi.org/10.1080/08832323.2011.609844, Luthans, F., Avey, J. The coronavirus pandemic is pushing America into a mental health crisis. The newly revised approach to foundation skills must deal with this inherent challenge. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-06-2015-0091. Data Analysis Procedure Cleveland, Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Research Question 2 https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903157166, Gallagher, R. P. (2014). WebThus, the objective of this study was aimed at accentuating the coping strategies of students for online teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.373, Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. American Psychologist, 56(3), 227238. Coping Strategies as a Mediator The COVID-19 pandemic may be stressful. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v10i2.855, Lipson, S. K., Lattie, E. G., & Eisenberg, D. (2019). Finkelstein-Fox, L., & Park, C. L. (2019). University students are dealing with uncertain current realities and futures and may need to bolster their internal resources to face the challenges ahead. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(4), 321332. Gallup. 44106-7164, Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, COVID-19: Our Body, Our Brains, Our Trauma. Recognize that the current circumstances are hard for everyone. Additionally, data collection methods and sample demographics would likely limit generalizability. Iasiello, M., Bartholomaeus, J., Jarden, A., & Kelly, G. (2017). By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our. However, there is a paucity of research to address the possible impacts of the pedagogical shift integrated into new online platforms on learning, interaction, and assessment, especially in higher education settings from the vantage point of EFL The Journal of Education for Business, 87(5), 253259. Coefficients of determination for models predicting well-being from PsyCap dimensions ranged from 4% to 28%. Sci Prog. Visualizations can help you calm down, detach from whats stressing you, and reduce your bodys stress response. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v6i3.526, Carmona-Halty, M., Schaufeli, W. B., & Salanova, M. (2019). Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Predicting PERMA Elements From Psychological Capital Prior to the Onset of COVID-19 and After the Onset of COVID-19. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.20070, Billings, A. G., & Moos, R. H. (1984). WebCoping Strategies Used by Student Nurses during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Literature Review. Now is my chance to help others. The Brief COPE is a multidimensional inventory used to assess the different ways in which people generally respond to stressful situations. Simon & Schuster. Psychol. COVID-19 hastened a trend that was already ongoing before the pandemic outbreak: the progressively increasing use of distance and online teaching and learning, alongside with lectures and classes. Among adaptive coping strategies, active coping, positive reframing, and using emotional support mediated the relationship between optimism and overall well-being. This study is qualitative research with a case Trauma, recovery, and growth: Positive psychological perspectives on posttraumatic stress. Reduction in Well-Being Related to COVID-19 Similarly, approach coping strategies such as active coping, positive reframing, and acceptance (Carver, 1997) were resilient strategies to handle pandemic stress whereas using emotional support and planning showed weaker but significant roles. An official website of the United States government. https://news.gallup.com/poll/310250/worry-stress-fuel-record-drop-life-satisfaction.aspx, Youssef-Morgan, C. M., & Luthans, F. (2015).

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